Fundamentals - History Flashcards
(41 cards)
Who developed wine cultivation within the indigenous Italian population in the North and centre of Italy?
Etruscans
What is the name used for vine training up trees as natural supports
Alberata or vite maritata all’albero
Who developed wine cultivation in the Southern half of Italy in the 8 to 6th C BCE?
The Greeks
Who unified Italy in 42BCE?
The Romans
Who wrote the winemaking text “De re rustica”
Columella
What containers did the Romans use to transport wine?
Amphora
What happened to wine production during the Middle Ages?
Quality declined
What is Mazzadria?
Sharecropping (typically 50% for the landowner)
What is a Communi
A city state, typically centred around the large cities
What are “signorie”
Noble families ruling city states
What is the Rinascimento?
Italian Renaissance (13C to 16C)
Why didn’t glass bottles become commonplace in Italy until the 19th C?
Lack of export markets
What is il Risorgimento?
The Resurgence - Italy’s political unification
What caused many indigenous varieties to be replanted in the early 20th C?
Phylloxera
What was the first DOC approved?
Vernaccia di San Gimignano
Who influenced modern Italian winemaking practices?
Giacomo Tachis
Which tribe were promoting viticulture in the western Mediterranean prior to the 8C BCE?
The Phoenicians
Who developed an export market for Italian wines in the 7C BCE?
The Etruscans
What did “De re rustica” identify to support grape growing?
Ideal soils and areas for each grape variety
What were Caecubum, Falernum and Mamertinum?
Renowned wines considered Roman Italy’s first Grand Crus
What was the capital of the eastern Roman Empire?
Constantinople
Who’s invasion of northern Italy led to the decline of wine production in the Western Roman Empire?
Goths and Vandals
What wine drinking practice was considered barbaric by the Romans?
Drinking wine straight (i.e. undiluted by water)
Who maintained viticulture during the dark ages?
The monastic orders
