Fundamentals: Nursing Process and Critical Thinking

Question 1

Describe the steps of critical thinking

Answer 1

involves open-mindedness, continual inquiry, and perseverance, combined with a willingness to look at each unique patient situation and determine which identified assumptions are true and relevant.

Question 2

Define evidence-based knowledge

Answer 2

knowledge based on research or clinical expertise.

Question 3

Nursing process

Answer 3

Fundamental blueprint for how to care for a patient

Question 4

Assessment

Answer 4

Collection, verification, and analysis of data

Question 5

Database

Answer 5

The patient’s perceived needs, health problems, and responses

Question 6

Cue

Answer 6

Information that was obtained through the use of the senses

Question 7

Inference

Answer 7

Your judgment or interpretation of cues

Question 8

Gordon’s 11 functional health patterns

Answer 8

1. health perception-health management pattern
2. nutritional-metabolic pattern
3. elimination pattern
4. activity-exercise pattern
5. sleep-rest pattern
6. cognitive-perceptual pattern
7. self perception- self concept pattern
8. role- relationship pattern
9. sexuality- reproductive pattern
10. coping- stress tolerance pattern
11. value- belief pattern

Question 9

subjective data

Answer 9

includes patients’ verbal descriptions of their health problems

Question 10

objective data

Answer 10

observations or measurements of a patient’s health status

Question 11

Identify the variety of sources where data can be obtained

Answer 11

• the patient through interviews, observations, and physical exams.
• family members or significant others
• other members of the health team
• medical record information
• scientific and medical literature.

Question 12

open-ended questions

Answer 12

prompts patients to describe a situation (tell their story) in more than one or two words.

Question 13

back channeling

Answer 13

active listening prompts

Question 14

closed ended questions

Answer 14

limits the patients answers to one or two words

Question 15

biographical information

Answer 15

Factual demographic data about the patient

Question 16

reasons for seeking health care

Answer 16

Chief concerns or problems

Question 17

patient expectations

Answer 17

Patient’s understanding of why he or she is seeking health care

Question 18

present illness/health

Answer 18

Essential or relevant data about the nature and onset of symptoms

Question 19

health history

Answer 19

Health care experiences and current health habits and lifestyle patterns

Question 20

family history

Answer 20

To determine whether the patient is at risk for illnesses of a genetic or a familial nature

Question 21

environmental history

Answer 21

Patient’s home and work, focusing on determining the patient’s safety

Question 22

psychosocial history

Answer 22

Reveals the patient’s support systems and coping mechanisms

Question 23

spiritual history

Answer 23

Represents the totality of one’s being

Question 24

review of systems

Answer 24

Systemic approach for collecting the patient’s self-reported data on all body systems

Question 25

Medical diagnoses

Answer 25

Identification of a disease condition

Question 26

Collaborative problem

Answer 26

Actual or potential physiological complication that is monitored in collaboration with others

Question 27

Defining characteristics

Answer 27

The clinical criteria or assessment findings that support an actual nursing diagnosis

Question 28

Actual nursing diagnosis

Answer 28

Describe human responses to health conditions or life processes that exist in an individual, family, or community

Question 29

Risk nursing diagnosis

Answer 29

Human responses to health conditions that may possibly develop in a vulnerable individual, family, or community

Question 30

Health promotion nursing diagnosis

Answer 30

Desire to increase well-being and actualize human health potential

Question 31

Data cluster

Answer 31

a set of signs or symptoms gathered during assessment that help you group them together in a logical way.

Question 32

Defining characteristics

Answer 32

clinical criteria that are observable and verifiable.

Question 33

Clinical criteria

Answer 33

help

Question 34

Explain the process of identifying health problems (interpretation)

Answer 34

help

Question 35

Define wellness nursing diagnosis (health promotion nursing diagnosis)

Answer 35

help

Question 36

Diagnostic label:

Answer 36

the name of the diagnosis approved by NANDA; it describes the essence of

Question 37

Related factor:

Answer 37

a condition or etiology identified from the patient's assessment data, or actual or potential responses to the health problem

Question 38

Etiology:

Answer 38

the cause of a disease

Question 39

PES format:

Answer 39

P: problem E: etiology or related factor S: symptoms or defining characteristics

Question 40

planning involves

Answer 40

prioritizing the diagnoses, setting patient-centered goals and expected, prescribed individualization nursing interventions.

Question 41

High priority

Answer 41

If untreated, result in harm to the patient or others

Question 42

intermediate priority

Answer 42

Involve nonemergent, nonthreatening needs of the patient.

Question 43

low priority

Answer 43

are not always directly related to patient illness or prognosis

Question 44

Goal

Answer 44

A broad statement that describes a desired change in a patient’s condition or behavior

Question 45

Patient-centered goal

Answer 45

Specific and measurable behavior or response that reflects a patient’s highest possible level of wellness

Question 46

Short-term goal

Answer 46

Objective behavior that you expect the patient will achieve in a short time

Question 47

Long-term goal

Answer 47

Objective behavior that is expected over a long period

Question 48

Expected outcome

Answer 48

A measurable criterion to evaluate goal achievement

Question 49

Nursing-sensitive outcome

Answer 49

An individual, family, or community state, behavior, or perception that is measurable in response to a nursing intervention.

Question 50

singular goal or action

Answer 50

is precise in evaluating a patient response to a nursing action; each goal and outcome should address only one behavior, perception of physiologica response

Question 51

measurable

Answer 51

describes quality, quantity, frequency, length, or weight allow the nurse to evaluate outcomes precisley.

Question 52

attainable

Answer 52

in order for patients health to improve, he/she must be able to attain those goals set.

Question 53

realistic

Answer 53

a goal that the patient is able to achieve

Question 54

timed

Answer 54

is written so nurse knows when a response is expected.

Question 55

Independent nursing interventions:

Answer 55

nurse initiated interventions that do not require direction or an order from another health care professional.

Question 56

Dependent nursing interventions:

Answer 56

physician initiated interventions that require an order from another health care professionals.

Question 57

Collaborative nursing interventions

Answer 57

interdependent nursing interventions that require the combined knowledge, skill, and expertise of multiple care professionals.

Question 58

direct care

Answer 58

treatments performed through interactions with patients.

Question 59

indirect care

Answer 59

treatments performed away from the patient but on behalf of the patient.