Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Computer Science > Fundamentals of Data Representation > Flashcards

Fundamentals of Data Representation Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Byte

A

8 bits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nibble

A

4 bits (half a byte)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Kilobyte

A

1,000 bytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Data

A

Numbers, symbols, or alphanumeric characters in their raw format before processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Analogue Data

A

The continuous stream of data that our senses process on a daily basis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Digital Data

A

Data that’s represented by values of 0 and 1 so that a computer can process it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What base-system does binary use?

A

Base-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What base-system does Denary use?

A

Base-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What’s the maximum value that 8-bit binary can represent?

A

255

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two possible states of a binary digit?

A

A binary digit can either be 1 (ON) or 0 (OFF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What base-system does the Hexadecimal number system use?

A

Base-16

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 16 digits of hex?

A

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Hex used for in computing?

A
  • HTML colour codes
  • Error messages
  • Media Access Control (MAC) addresses
  • Internet Protocol (IP) addresses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why is hex more commonly used than binary in computing?

A

It’s simpler than binary and easier to read/remember

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 5 rules of binary addition?

A
  • 0 + 0 = 0
  • 0 + 1 = 1
  • 1 + 0 = 1
  • 1 + 1 = 0 carry one
  • 1 + 1 + 1 = 1 carry 1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Binary Overflow

A

This occurs in binary addition when the sum of two binary numbers is greater than the number of bits allowed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Binary Shift

A

A binary shift moves all of the bits in a binary number to the left/right by a given number of spaces. The empty spaces left are then filled with zeroes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the coding operator for a bit shift to the left

A

«

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the coding operator for a bit shift to the right?

A

> >

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What would a coding operator of «3 mean?

A

A binary shift of three places to the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What would a coding operator of&raquo_space;2 mean?

A

A binary shift of 2 places to the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If a binary number has been shifted to the left, what have you (mathematically) done to it?

A

Multiplied it by 2 for each shift to the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If a binary number has been shifted to the right, what (mathematically) has happened to the number?

A

It’s beeen divided by 2 for each shift to the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why would a precision issue occur if you divided an odd binary number?

Study These Flashcards
A

Binary cannot represent fractional values, so would not be equivalent to the true result of the calculation.

25
Character
A unit of information that represents a letter, number, or special character
26
Character Set
This consists of all the letters, numbers, and special characters that can be recognised by a computer system
27
ASCII Code (7 bits)
Consists of 128 characters, each using 7 bits to represent them
28
Extended ASCII (8 bits, additional 128 characters)
Can represent an additional 128 characters (including control and print characters) by using 8 bits to represent each character.
29
Unicode
16-bit character set which provides a unique number for characters in all scripts and languages
30
Pixel
Short for picture element. A pixel is a single point in an image.
31
Colour depth
The number of bits that are used to represent each pixel
32
Resolution
The total number of pixels in an image
33
Bit depth
The number of colours that can be used
34
File size
How much storage space a file requires
35
How is the file size of an image calculated?
File size (in bits) = image width * image height * colour depth (in bits) To convert this into bytes, you’d need to divide the result by 8
36
What are the two forms in which a computer can store an image?
Vector and Bitmap
37
Sampling Rate
How often a sound wave’s amplitude is measured.
38
What is sampling rate measured in?
Hertz (Hz), with 1Hz being 1 sample per second
39
Sampling resolution (bit depth)
The number of bits used to represent each sample of a sound wave.
40
Bit rate
The amount of bits that are needed in order to store one second of sound.
41
What is bit rate measured in? (sound files)
Bits per second (bps) or Kilobits ber second (kbps).
42
What are the ADC and DAC?
The ADC is the analogue to digital converter, and the DAC is the digital to analogue converter.
43
Describe how sampling is used to record a sound clip.
An analogue sound wave’s amplitude is received, and the ADC converts this into an electrical signal. This signal is then sampled. This involves the amplitude being measured at regular intervals. These values are then stored as binary values within the computer’s memory.
44
How is the file size of a sound clip calculated?
File size = sampling rate * bit depth * duration
45
Compression
Where you reduce the number of bits in a file, and therefore reduce its file size.
46
Why might a file be compressed?
To make data transmission quicker, or to create more free space in memory.
47
Lossy Compression
A form of compression where the quality gets lost and cannot be recovered.
48
What file types can lossy compression be used on?
Sound and Image files
49
Lossless Compression
Where data is encoded differently to compress the file so that the quality can stay the same.
50
Which form of compression is the most efficient?
Lossy Compression
51
What type of compression is a JPEG (.jpg) ?
Lossy
52
What is JPEG good for?
Photographs
53
What type of compression is GIF (.gif) ?
Lossless
54
What is GIF good for?
- Web graphics - Images with large areas of solid colour
55
What type of compression is MP3 (.mp3) ?
Lossy
56
What is MP3 used for?
Audio files
57
How many songs could you fit on a standard CD using MP3 format?
12 songs
58
Huffman Coding
A way of compressing text-based data by allocating space in memory for each character based on the frequency of that character in the file (eg. The most common characters are stored using the least bits).
59
Run Length Encoding (RLE)
A form of data compression (for image files) where consecutive elements that are the same are replaces by the element and the length of it’s run.

Computer Science (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions