Fundamentals of IT

Question 1

Difference between software and hardware

Answer 1

Computer software is developed by writing a program using programming language whereas computer hardware is the physical components such as memory modules and disk drives.

Question 2

Define the CPU

Answer 2

The CPU controls the speed at which instructions are retrieved and processed in the computer.

Question 3

The IPOS cycle

Answer 3

Once words, numbers, or images are entered, a computer processes the data into useable information the can then be accessed to answer questions or meet specific needs.

Question 4

The correct function of the compiler

Answer 4

Translates the entire program, creating an executable program, which can be run at a later time.

Question 5

Hierarchical database format

Answer 5

Data are modeled using parent-child relationships.

Question 6

Parts of an URL

Answer 6

Protocol, Host name, TLD

Question 7

The server addresses protocols such as: IMAP, POP3, SMTP, HTTP, MAPI, and MIME

Answer 7

Email server

Question 8

What is another term that defines a script?

Answer 8

Interpreted program

Question 9

In this phase of the SDLC, architects think about the components that they would need to solve the problem or implement the plan.

Answer 9

Design

Question 10

Statements represents the relevant characteristics of quality data.

Answer 10

The data uses applies to the question being answered, has been gathered using consistent, detailed collection processes, has been inputted correctly and is accurate for its intended use, and is current enough to still serve its purpose for being accessed.

Question 11

To respond to requests most typically come from web browsers such as HTTP.

Answer 11

Web server

Question 12

A scanner is a peripheral device for what system?

Answer 12

I/O

Question 13

What is the definition of business intelligence?

Answer 13

Business intelligence is a term used to reflect the knowledge a business can create by analyzing data gathered from multiple sources

Question 14

Learning about social engineering and how to protect passwords is…

Answer 14

Education

Question 15

In this phase of testing the system is given to a segment of end users for testing from their perspective before the final version is released.

Answer 15

Beta

Question 16

In the SQL query, the __ operation combines two tables together?

Answer 16

JOIN

Question 17

The difference between information systems and information technology

Answer 17

An information system does not have to use computer hardware; whereas information technology requires the use of hardware and software.

Question 18

Which types of software includes programs such a Microsoft Word and PowerPoint?

Answer 18

Application

Question 19

During which generation did computers begin to see widespread use in business?

Answer 19

Third generation

Question 20

A local area network (LAN)

Answer 20

Allows hardware sharing within one office

Question 21

The purpose of expansion slots in modern computers

Answer 21

Expansion slots allow additional cards to be connected to the motherboard that interface with peripheral devices

Question 22

Difference between memory and the hard drive

Answer 22

Memory stores instructions and data used by programs in the moment; whereas a hard drive stores data, programs, and files that can be accessed at a future time.

Question 23

The ___ keyword in SQL is used to inform the DBMS of the specific criteria the data should match to be returned as the output of the query

Answer 23

WHERE clause

Question 24

What is a program that will allow a computer to easily access the hardware and software of the computer system?

Answer 24

Operating System

Question 25

As a news sales manager, Edgar is studying the historical and current sales report numbers to determine the top three salespersons of the year. At which stage of the DIKW hierarchy is Edgar working?

Answer 25

Knowledge

Question 26

During ___ users test the system in an operational setting to make sure the system continues to align with business objectives and meet the goals of the stakeholders

Answer 26

User Acceptance Testing

Question 27

With ___ an IT department resources (i.e . Servers, data storage) are located outside of the organization and are accessible by anyone, anywhere

Answer 27

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

Question 28

____ uses the concept of reflection of light through a core made up of glass or plastic

Answer 28

Optical Wire

Question 29

Accurate definition of computer system

Answer 29

A computer system is a collection of hardware and software components that work together to meet the needs of the user

Question 30

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Answer 30

A Platform as a Service is the ability to quickly and consistently develop and deliver applications

Question 31

In a ____ shell forward slash (/) is used to express directory paths?

Answer 31

Linux

Question 32

The ___ keyword in SQL is used to inform the DBMS what fields or attributes are of interest (and where they are located, i.e. which table/relation they can be found in)

Answer 32

SELECT

Question 33

What is an advantage of outsourcing?

Answer 33

Cost-effective if time is constrained

Question 34

This form of cloud computing is offered as a service by some major organizations, such as Amazon and Google, and used extensible by app developers. Its intent is to be able to quickly and reliably develop and deliver applications

Answer 34

PaaS (Platform as a Service)

Question 35

Operations used to alter the data within a relation of a database

Answer 35

Update, Delete, Insert

Question 36

Marcus has a summer job working at a real estate agency. He is entering client addresses into the company’s computer systems. At which stage of the DIKW hierarchy is Marcus working?

Answer 36

Data

Question 37

The ___ keyword in SQL us used to inform the DBMS what tables are to be interrogated by the query and, if more than one table contains the data of interest, how they are to be combined or joined

Answer 37

FROM

Question 38

Why is it essential to know what information will be needed from the database from the outset of development?

Answer 38

By knowing the purpose, the developer can determine how many fields are needed in the database. The purpose determines the structure of the database. The developed can determine which data types would help fulfill the purpose.

Question 39

This type of software is made freely available as source code

Answer 39

Open source software

Question 40

In 2nd generation computers, which of the following high-level programming languages was created to be business-oriented?

Answer 40

COBOL

Question 41

During this phase of Project Management, the projects scope and project management plan are defined

Answer 41

Planning phase

Question 42

What would NOT require the use of a network?

Answer 42

Loading a statistical program on your personal computer

Question 43

What is NOT the responsibility of the system administrator?

Answer 43

Answering e-mails from potential customers

Question 44

What best describes the Internet?

Answer 44

The Internet is a global network of networks

Question 45

Which software is run automatically rather than by the end user?

Answer 45

System software

Question 46

The ___ includes the protocol, domain, and all subdomains, as well as the resource path ID and name of the document

Answer 46

URL

Question 47

This type of database is the most common format for storing data as it provides users with a great deal of flexibility, allowing for multiple tables

Answer 47

Relational

Question 48

Examples of a relational database

Answer 48

A database containing student records with fields such as Student ID, First Name, Last Name, Major, GPA that links to other databases in the University’s system

Question 49

The scope of the project is considered what?

Answer 49

The work that needs to be done

Question 50

Two are both types of scripting languages

Answer 50

Ruby and Python