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PHA 6114 > Fundamentals Of Microbiology And Parasitology > Flashcards

Fundamentals Of Microbiology And Parasitology Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

20-400nm can be seen in electron microscope

A

Viruses

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2
Q
  • Intracellular parasite with no cellular structure
  • Infects all kinds of organism
  • Nuclei acids and protein
A

Virus

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3
Q

Virus can replicate by itself

A

False (grows inside the host cell and can’t replicate by itself)

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4
Q

Expensive time consuming hard to cultivate

A

Virus

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5
Q

What do we use to culture viruses

A

Fertile chicken eggs
Cultured mammalian cells

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6
Q

Large viruses can be used as ___ of genes/ medications to cells/receptors
Used a s drug delivery system

A

Vectors

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7
Q

3 Non cellular organisms

A

Viruses
Viroids
Prions

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8
Q

Other name for viroids

A

Virusoids

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9
Q

Simpler structure compared to virus

A

Virusoids

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10
Q

Infectious particles comprising of small, single stranded, covalently closed circular RNA

No protein

A

Viroids / Virusoids

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11
Q

Simplest infectious agent in terms of structure

No nucleic acid

A

Prions

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12
Q

Atypical form of mammalian protein that interacts with normal protein molecule to change into itself

A

Prion

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13
Q

Responsible for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

A

Prions

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14
Q

Responsible for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

A

Prions

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15
Q

Creutzfeldt Jacob Disease CJD

A

Humans

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16
Q

Creutzfeldt Jacob Disease CJD

A

Humans

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17
Q

Spherical bacteria

A

Cocci

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18
Q

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy

A

Cattles

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19
Q

Rod shaped bacteria

A

Bacillus

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20
Q

Scrapie

A

Sheep

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21
Q

Unicellular

A

Bacteria

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22
Q

Bacteria size

A

0.5-5.0 mm

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23
Q

Bacteria that get nutrients from the dead
Responsible for decomposition

A

Saprophytes

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24
Q

Dependent on host cell

A

Parasite

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25
Not all parasites are pathogenic T/F
True
26
Rapid reproduction - mutant gene becomes dominant
Asexual reproduction
27
Genetic variation of this creature is reliant on mutations
Bacteria
28
Oxygen is toxic to these bacteria
Strict anaerobes
29
Oxygen is necessary for these bacteria to survive
Strict aerobes
30
This type of bacteria can switch how they survive (with or without oxygen)
Facultative anaerobes
31
Too much oxygen will cause these bacteria to die
Microaerophils
32
Non photosynthesizing plants
Fungi
33
Structure is more complex than that of a bacteria
Fungi
34
Fungi are mostly ____
Saprophytes
35
Most fungis have pathogenic potential (T/F)
False (only a few)
36
Some fungi may exhibit ____-like and ____-like appearance depending on cultivation conditions
Yeast like (floating) and mould like (flat)
37
Unicellular organisms larger than bacteria
Fungi
38
Size of fungi
5-10 um (micrometer)
39
More on binary fission and budding that sexual reproduction
Fungi
40
Fungi that are visible to the naked eye
Toadstools and mushrooms
41
Consists of tangled mass _____ of filaments or threads ____ which vary from 1-50 um micrometer
Mycelium, Hyphae
42
How wide are hyphae or threads
1-50um
43
Most reproduce asexually (forms asexual spores)
Fungi
44
- Resistant to drying - Contaminants of pharmaceutical raw materials of vegetable origin - spoilage - cause severe illness to immunocompromised patients
Spores
45
Unicellular organisms larger than bacteria
Fungi
46
Predominantly unicellular organisms that are regarded as animals rather than plants
Protozoa
47
Why are protozoa considered animals
Because of their motile nature
48
Size of protozoa
10-50um (micrometer)
49
These are free living motile organisms that occur in water and soil
Protozoa
50
- Some are plant and animal parasites - Not found as contaminants of raw materials and manufactured medicines
Protozoa
51
The great majority of these microorganisms are harmless
Protozoa
52
Only a few of these protozoa are responsible for these specific diseases. What are they?
Malaria Amoebic dysentery
53
Fungi are eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
54
Bacteria are eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Prokaryotic
55
Protozoa are eukaryotic or prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
56
Microbial metabolism for chemoheterotroph Source of energy? Source of carbon?
Organic sources Organics
57
They breakdown organic compounds into nitrogen, carbon, and energy
Chemoheterotroph
58
Chemical reactions with liberated energy through digestion of food materials?
Catabolic reaction
59
Making of complex cellular polymers, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids with the use of liberated energy
Anabolic reactions
60
Oxidation means
Losing electrons
61
Reduction means
Gaining electrons
62
Indicates whether oxidizing or reducing conditions prevail in particular situations or environment
Redox potential
63
Food should be oxidized to breakdown and release energy
Redox potential
64
These organisms prefer low redox potential environment
Anaerobic organisms
65
These organisms prefer high redox potential environment
Aerobic organisms
66
Glycolysis converts __ to ___
Glucose to pyruvic acid
67
This type of metabolism only releases a small amount of energy and oxygen is not necessary
Glycolysis
68
True or false: is oxygen necessary for glycolysis?
False because it isn’t necessary
69
What are the electron acceptors of an anaerobic respiration?
Nitrate and fumarate electronic acceptor
70
What is the electron acceptor of aerobic respiration?
Oxygen electron acceptor
71
This is the process of releasing energy from sugar in which final electron acceptor is an organic molecule
Fermentation
72
Fermentation produces ___&____ From sugar
Ethanol and carbon dioxide
73
Fermentation produces acids from — & —
Lactic acid and propionic
74
Fermentation of alcohols from: - - -
Ethanol Propanol Butanediol
75
What are the food materials of microorganisms?
- Dilute solutions of mineral salts, and sugar - Rare Carbohydrates - Proteins and non-carbohydrate foods
76
Facultative switch from __ to __ if oxygen supplies are depleted
Respiration to fermentation
77
This is a reason why antibiotics do not work by interfering with chemical reactions used by microorganisms
Their ability to switch metabolic pathways
78
These are produced during microbial culture growth
Primary metabolites
79
These are produced after cell multiplication has slowed stopped
Secondary metabolites
80
Botox is the toxin of
Clostridium botulinum
81
Stationary phase includes
Antibiotics Enzymes Toxins Carbohydrates

PHA 6114 (1 decks)

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