Fundamentals Of Nonprofit

Question 0

What are three principles by which nonprofits are held accountable:

Answer 0

• requirements of law
• self regulation
• transparency/charity watchdogs

Question 1

Accountability

Answer 1

Taking responsibility for an individual’s or organization’s actions

Question 2

Recommendations that reflect Sarbanes-Oxley included 33 principles for good governance and ethical conduct in the areas of:

Answer 2

• legal compliance and public disclosure
• effective governance
• strong financial oversight
• responsible fund raising

Question 3

Charity watchdogs:

Answer 3

• proactively examine nonprofit organizations, applying their own standards
• complete their evaluations with or without the cooperation of nonprofit organizations
• can offer a type of certification or assistance that a nonprofit meets their established criteria for ethical operation

Question 4

What is the debate over performance measurement?

Answer 4

Concerns about performance management + need for performance measurement

Question 5

According to charity navigator, accountability is what?

Answer 5

An obligation or willingness by a charity to explain it’s actions to its stakeholders

Question 6

According to charity navigator, transparency is what?

Answer 6

An obligation or willingness by a charity to publish and make available critical date about the organization

Question 7

Accredation

Answer 7

A process in which certification of competency, authority, or credibility is presented

Question 8

Performance management

Answer 8

An ongoing, internal process used to collect and analyze data in order to track the effectiveness of programs on an ongoing basis.

Question 9

Program evaluation

Answer 9

Used to determine whether specific programs are effective in achieving results

Question 10

Evaluations

Answer 10

Usually a one time or periodic effort involving the collection and analysis of extensive data

Question 11

Efficiency

Answer 11

A measure of the proportion of resources used to produce outputs or attain inputs-cost ratios”

Question 12

Effectiveness

Answer 12

Measured by comparing the results achieved with the results sought

Question 13

Statistical benchmarking

Answer 13

A useful technique in strategic planning and may help highlight strengths and weaknesses of the organization that require further analysis.

Question 14

Corporate benchmarking

Answer 14

Compares the organizations practices with those of others doing similar things but who are deemed to be the best at doing it

Question 15

Inputs

Answer 15

The resources dedicated to the program, including money, staff, volunteers, facilities, equipment, and supplies, as well as the constraints imposed by the external environment.

Question 16

Activities

Answer 16

What the program does

Ex: tutoring children or feeding the homeless

Question 17

Outputs

Answer 17

The direct products of the activities and are often relatively easy things to measure
Ex: number or children tutored or number of homeless people fed

Question 18

Outcomes:

Answer 18

The changes that occur in the individuals as a result of their participation in the program
Ex: knowledge or expanded job skills

Question 19

Logic model

Answer 19

A theoretical explanation of the links all the way through the process from inputs to outcomes

Question 20

Impact investing

Answer 20

Investments made into companies, organizations, and funds with the intention to generate measurable social and environmental impact alongside a financial return.

Question 21

Social stock market

Answer 21

The market would allow investors to trade shares in projects that seek to preserve the environment, such as clean technology, and that promote health care, aid for the poor, or other social goods.

Question 22

Three approaches to formulating strategy:

Answer 22

1. Visioning approach
   2 incremental approach
2. Analytical approach

Question 23

Visioning approach

Answer 23

Begins with leaders vision and works backwards

Question 24

Incremental approach

Answer 24

Strategy evolves out of experience, one decision at a time

Question 25

Analytical approach

Answer 25

Logic and in depth analysis to improve strategic fit

Question 26

Strategic planning

Answer 26

A process that produces a strategic plan, and directs an organization on the way to implementing it

Question 27

Strategic management

Answer 27

An integrated approach to managing the organization that is based on the strategic plan

Question 28

Strategic planning template

Answer 28

Step 1: planning to plan Step 2: clarifying the organizations mission, values, and vision Step 3: assess the situation

Question 29

Values

Answer 29

Principles that the organization holds most important

Question 30

Vision

Answer 30

A description of an ideal future

Question 31

SWOT analysis:

Answer 31

``` An inventory and analysis of the organizations: Strengths (internal survey) Weaknesses (internal survey) Opportunities (external survey) Threats (external survey) ```

Question 32

Strategic issues:

Answer 32

Areas in which the organization needs to take action

Question 33

Goals

Answer 33

Directions that the organization will pursue with respect to the strategic issue

Question 34

Strategy

Answer 34

Actions that the organizations intends to take to achieve goals

Question 35

Objectives

Answer 35

Specific, quantified targets that represents steps toward accomplishing the goals

Question 36

Mission

Answer 36

The reason the organization exists, the starting point for strategic planning

Question 37

Four types of strategic issues:

Answer 37

1. Issues that GO TO THE HEART of the organization's vision and goals, which involve some fundamental change 2. Issues that REQUIRE NO ACTION at present but that must be continuously monitored 3. Issues that require an IMMEDIATE RESPONSE and therefore cannon be handled in a routine way 4. Issues that requires an IMMEDIATE RESPONSE and therefore cannot be handled in a routine way

Question 38

Harvard policy model:

Answer 38

- plan to plan - clarify the organizations mission values and vision - assess the situation - identify the strategic issues or strategic questions that need to be addresses - develop goals, strategies and objectives - write and communicate the plan - develop operational/implementation plans - executive the plan - evaluate the results

Question 39

Core competency

Answer 39

An ability that an organization can manage and that ideally helps it perform well

Question 40

Distinctive competency

Answer 40

A competency that other organizations cannot easily replicate

Question 41

Distinctive core competency

Answer 41

Something the organization does well and that others would find difficult to do as well

Question 42

Organizational strategies:

Answer 42

Broad directions and those that relate to mission, vision, trends, competitors, partners, and market position

Question 43

Programmatic strategies

Answer 43

Related to the programs and activities implemented to achieve specific outcomes

Question 44

Operational strategies

Answer 44

Those aimed at enhancing, administrative efficiency, preparedness and execution.

Question 45

Portfolios analysis

Answer 45

A technique used by business firms to determine I their various programs, products, and services are in line with their strategies and goals.

Question 46

Commercial marketing

Answer 46

Seeks additional customers for programs and services

Question 47

Social marketing

Answer 47

Seeks to change human behavior and improve society

Question 48

Product mind-set

Answer 48

Effective marketing depends on the quality of the product

Question 49

Sales mind-set

Answer 49

Effective marketing depends on convincing consumers

Question 50

Target-audience mind set

Answer 50

Effective marketing depends on focusing on the needs and wants of consumers

Question 51

Marketing

Answer 51

A process that may encompass communications, but with a very specific purpose

Question 52

Communications

Answer 52

The transmission or exchange of communication

Question 53

4 P's of marketing

Answer 53

Product Place Promotion Price

Question 54

Marketing mix

Answer 54

The combination of four controllable factors known as the 4 P's. These 4 factors are adjusted until the right combination of factors produces the most income while serving the needs of the products customers.

Question 55

Brand

Answer 55

A name, term, sign, symbols, design or a combination of these is intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and differentiate them from those of competitors

Question 56

Brand attributes

Answer 56

The collection of perceived qualities of the organization or it's product

Question 57

Brand promise

Answer 57

The expectations that you have about what you will receive when you buy a specific product or service

Question 58

Brand equity

Answer 58

The monetary value that a brand image brings to am organization

Question 59

Effective marketing: CRAM

Answer 59

Connection- establish a connection Reward- promise a reward Action- inspire action Memory- stick in memory

Question 60

Experiential level

Answer 60

Where audiences are matched with communications media and a communications strategy is developed

Question 61

Price discrimination

Answer 61

Charging people different prices based in the market segment to which they belong, determined by objective variables

Question 62

Cost oriented pricing

Answer 62

The price charged to the customer or client is set to cover what is costs the organization I produce or provide it.

Question 63

Segmentation

Answer 63

Based on research and may employ sophisticated tools developed in the business sector and increasingly adopted by many nonprofits as well

Question 64

Promotion

Answer 64

The visible activity that everybody can see

Question 65

Product

Answer 65

The good or service being offered