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Intro to Sociology > Fundamentals of Sociology > Flashcards

Fundamentals of Sociology Flashcards

1
Q

Sociology

A

The Study of Society

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2
Q

Social Construction

A

An idea/practice that a group of people agree exists; people often forget it exists, it just is so it gains power from its existence being taken for granted; often times man made

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3
Q

Social Order

A

An awareness of social norms/values that give us a distinct sense of self; we only realize social order exists when it is broken (ex: a seating chart that gets moved around)

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4
Q

Social Change

A

A change/entity that is always dynamic and changing due to human actions

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5
Q

Social Facts

A

Aspects of social life that shape our actions as individuals

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6
Q

Social Solidarity

A
  • mechanical solidarity: everyone feeling/doing the same thing ; small collective consciousness
  • organic solidarity: the social cohesion that results from the various parts of a society functioning as an integrated whole
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7
Q

Division of Labor

A

Specialization of work tasks by means of which different occupations are combined within a production system

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8
Q

Social Constraint

A

the conditioning influence in our behavior of the groups and societies of which we are members

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9
Q

Anomie

A

A situation which social norms lose their hold over individual behavior

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10
Q

Ecological Fallacy

A

Treating group data as if it is individual data

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11
Q

Materialist conception of history

A

The economy, and not values, culture, or ideas, drives social change

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12
Q

Base

A

All material aspects of society

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13
Q

Superstructure

A

Culture, ideology, norms, and social institutions (essentially every other aspect of society)

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14
Q

Capitalism

A

An economic system based on private wealth, which is invested and reinvested to produce profit

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15
Q

Social Classes

A

Groupings of individuals who played similar roles in the economic system of a society

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16
Q

Class consciousness

A

A shared identity based on one’s position in the means of production

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17
Q

False consciousness

A

Workers identifying themselves with the interests of capitalists

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18
Q

Impartiality

A

Based on achievements and family ties (in the context of the Mafia)

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19
Q

Three-fold approach

A

Wealth, power, and prestige

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20
Q

Protestant Ethic

A

A Calvinist approach, living frugally

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21
Q

Sprit of Capitalism

A

Investing in the surplus to make money

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22
Q

Bureaucracy

A

An organization marked by a clear hierarchy of authority and the existence of written rules of procedure and staffed by full time, salaried officials

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23
Q

Double Consciousness

A

Look through your eyes and eyes of society which leads to a better self identify

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24
Q

The Color Line

A

Racial segregation after slavery

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25
Q

Working consensus

A

Everybody gives up some sort of ideal/expectation when they enter and interaction/deal

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26
Q

Interaction

A

Anything that occurs throughout one occasion when people are in one space

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27
Q

Performance

A

Activity of a given participant on a given occasion

28
Q

Symbols

A

Signs/things we put meaning towards

29
Q

Interactionism

A

How our everyday lives are completely structured by interactions with others (involving more than one persons act)

30
Q

Symbolic Interactionalism

A

Study of exchange of information through symbols that takes place in social intersection

31
Q

Civil Inattention

A

The process when people quickly acknowledge other people but never acknowledge too deeply to avoid intrusiveness

32
Q

Response Cries

A

Seemingly involuntary exclamations individuals make when they are taken by surprise, make a mistake, or want to communicate excitement

33
Q

Unfocused Interaction

A

Interaction occurring among people in a setting but not face-to-face

34
Q

Focused Interaction

A

Interaction when in a direct communication or engaged in the same activity

35
Q

Time-space

A

When and where events occur

36
Q

Regionalization

A

The division of social life into different regional settings or zones

37
Q

Self fulfilling prophecy

A

The process by which someone is defined by a particular way and then comes to fulfill the expectation of that definition

38
Q

Qualitative Interviews

A

Used to grasp the full picture of an event by asking real people about there expectations

39
Q

The Feminist Critique

A

The importance of acknowledging your relationship and mutual respect with interviewee

40
Q

Constructivist Approach

A

Interviewers should acknowledge that their conclusions do not completely capture reality

41
Q

Social Reproduction

A

The transfer of knowledge cultural perspective, and social position from generation to the next

42
Q

Theories

A

Interrelated concepts used to explain/predict how society and its parts are related

43
Q

Conflict Theory

A

Claims that society is in a state of perpetual conflict

44
Q

Power

A

Ability of people/groups to achieve aims or further interests they hold

45
Q

Functionalism

A

A theoretical perspective based on the idea that social events can be explained in terms of the functions they preform

46
Q

Social Exchange (Rational Choice)

A

The theory that an individuals behavior is purposive (maximize rewards while minimizing cost)

47
Q

Macrosociology

A

Study of large scale groups, organizations, and social systems

48
Q

Microsociology

A

Study of human behavior and interaction (face to face)

49
Q

Surveys

A

More structured research method where specific, carefully constructed questions are asked to specific, carefully selected individuals

50
Q

Ethnography

A

A method frequently used to study people in their own settings in a deep, thorough fashion

51
Q

Experiments

A

A research method by which variables can be analyzed in a controlled and systematic way, either in an artificial situation constructed by the researcher or in a naturally occurring setting

52
Q

Sampling

A

Studying a proportion of individuals or cases from a larger population

53
Q

Population

A

All individuals, objects, or groups

54
Q

Haphazard

A

Selecting anyone who is convenient

55
Q

Quota

A

Selecting anyone in a predetermined group

56
Q

Purposive

A

Selecting anyone in a hard to find target population

57
Q

Snowball

A

Selecting people connected to one another

58
Q

Simple

A

Selecting people on a truly random procedure

59
Q

Systematic

A

Selecting every kth person (quasi random)

60
Q

Stratified

A

Selecting random people in predetermined groups

61
Q

Cluster

A

Take multistage random samples in each of several levels

62
Q

Quantitative Research

A

Analysis of numerical data

63
Q

Qualitative Research

A

A scientific method that does not require statistical methods for collecting or reporting data

64
Q

Informed Consent

A

When recruiting subjects to a study, investigators must tell potential subjects what their participation will involve and must ensure that subjects have given their voluntary consent to participate

65
Q

Debriefing

A

After a study concludes, the experimenters may explain exactly what happened and why

Intro to Sociology (1 decks)

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