fundamentals quiz 2 Flashcards
(37 cards)
Types of Hypersensitive reactions
Type 1: Rapid hypersensitivity reactions Type 2: Cytotoxic reactions Type 3: Immune complex reactions Type 4: Delayed hypersensitivity reactions Type 5: Stimulation Reaction
Rapid hypersensitivity reactions
- Happens right away
- Also called atopic allergy, the most common type of hypersensitivity
- Reaction of IgE antibody on mast cells with antigen
Cytotoxic reactions
- Blood transfusion reaction
- The body makes special autoantibodies directed against self cells that have some form of foreign protein attached to them.
Immune complex reactions
Excess antigens cause immune complexes to form in the blood. These circulating complexes usually lodge in small blood vessels.
Delayed hypersensitivity reactions
- The reactive cell is the T-cell.
- Hours to days after exposure.
- Ex. TB test
Stimulatory reaction
Excess stimulation of a normal cell surface receptor by an autoantibody, resulting in continuous “turned-on” state for the cell.
Osteoarthritis
- autoimmune disease
- Most common type of arthritis
- Joint pain and loss of function characterized by progressive deterioration and loss of cartilage in the joints.
Rheumatoid arthritis
- Autoimmune disease
- one of the most common connective tissue diseases and the most destructive to the joints.
- Chronic, progressive, systemic inflammatory disease affecting primarily the synovial joints.
- Autoantibodies formed that attack healthy tissue, causing inflammation.
Passive Immunity
Short duration, either naturally by placental transfer or artificially by injection of antibodies.
Active Immunity
Lasts for years and occurs naturally by infection or artificially by stimulation (vaccine) of immune defenses.
Pathogen
Any microorganism capable of producing disease.
Basophils
Release histamine and heparin in areas of tissue damage.
Eosinophil
Weak phagocytic action; releases vasoactive amines during allergic reactions.
Natural active immunity
when an antigen enters the body without human assistance and the body actively responds making antibodies. The human will not become infectious a second time. ex. chicken pox
Artificial active immunity
Protection by vaccination or immunization. Antigens are placed into the human and the person actively produces antibodies against the antigen.
Natural passive immunity
Occurs when antibodies are passed from mother to the fetus via placenta or breast milk.
Artificial passive immunity
Injecting a person with antibodies that were produced in another person or animal. ex. poisonous snake bites
Suppressor T-cells
Prevent hypersensitivity (immune overreactions) on exposure to non-self cells. Prevents formation of antibodies against normal, healthy self cells.
Natural killer cells
Have a direct cytotoxic effect on some non-self cells. They conduct “seek and destroy” missions in the body to eliminate non-self cells.
Inflammation “Natural Immunity”
Provides immediate protection against the effects of tissue injury and foreign proteins. The ability for an inflammatory response is critical to health and well-being.
B-lymphocyte
Becomes sensitized to foreign cells and proteins. A type of white blood cell that circulates in the blood and lymph and produces antibody.
Platelets
Help the blood clot. Smaller than red or white blood cells.
Erythrocyte (red blood cell)
A blood cell of vertebrates that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
Plasma cell
A type of immune cell (white blood cell) that makes large amounts of a specific antibody.
