fundamentals + stains Flashcards
(26 cards)
what cell is raised in acute inflammation (sterile or non-sterile)
neutrophils
what cell is raised in late acute inflammation
macrophages
What cells are raised in chronic inflammation
macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells
what cells are raised in allergic/parasitic infections
eosinophils & mast cells
histological features of squamous cell cancers
-keratin production
-intracellular bridges (little prickles on edges of cells)
-NO glans formation
histological features of adenocarcinomas
-From glandular epithelium
-Forms glands that can secrete
substances (e.g. mucin)
transitional cell tumours arise in what organs?
Urinary tract
Kidney
Ureters
Bladder
Adenocarcinomas arise in what organs
Lung
Breast
Stomach
Colon
Pancreas
squamous cell carcinomas arise in what organs
Skin
Head and neck
Oesophagus (upper and middle
⅓)
Anus
Cervix
Vagina
fontana stain is + for?
melanin (melanoma)
congo red stain is + for?
Amyloid (Apple green birefringence)
Prussian Blue stain is + for?
iron (haemochromatosis)
Go-to stain for most histological samples
Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)
lymphoid cell marker
CD45
Epithelial marker
cytokeratin
Neuroendocrine marker (e.g. Insulinomas or phaeochromocytoma)
chromogranin
what is a granuloma
organised collection of activated epithelioid macrophages
Rhodanine stain?
+ve for copper – Wilson’s disease
Perl’s stain?
exact same as prussian blue
-iron (haemochromatosis)
Ziehl-Neelson stain?
+ve for acid-fast bacilli – TB
(Red against a blue background)
Rhodamine-Auramine
stain?
Bright yellow – TB
Gomori’s methanamine
silver stain?
Flying saucer shaped cysts – Pneumocystis jirovecii
Modified Kimyoun acid
fast stain?
ve for Cryptosporidium parvum
India ink stain?
Yeast cells surrounded by halos – Cryptococcus neoformans
