Fundamentals Study Guide- Immobility Ch. 47

Question 0

What are bones jointed by bones with no movement.

Answer 0

Synostotic joint

Question 1

What is caused by weakened bones?

Answer 1

Pathological fractures

Question 2

What unites bony components, allowing bone growth and stability?

Answer 2

Cartilaginous joint

Question 3

What unites bony components, allowing bone growth and stability?

Answer 3

Cartilaginous joint

Question 4

Which joint has a ligament that unites two bony surfaces?

Answer 4

Fibrous joint

Question 5

What is a freely movable joint, ball and socket joints?

Answer 5

Synovial joint

Question 6

What has an increased muscle contraction that causes muscle shortening resulting in movement?

Answer 6

Concentric tension

Question 7

What helps control the speed and direction of movement?

Answer 7

Eccentric tension

Question 8

What is active movement between concentric and eccentric muscle actions?

Answer 8

Isotonic contraction

Question 9

What causes an increase in muscle tension or muscle work but no shortening or active movement?

Answer 9

Isometric contraction

Question 10

What induces or compels force?

Answer 10

Leverage

Question 11

What is inclining of the head to affected side in which sternocleidomastoid muscle is contracted?

Answer 11

Torticollis

Question 12

What is the exaggeration of anterior convex curve of lumbar spine?

Answer 12

Lordosis

Question 13

What is increased convexity in curvature of thoracic spine?

Answer 13

Kyphosis

Question 14

What is lateral s or l shaped spinal column with vertebral rotation?

Answer 14

Scoliosis

Question 15

What is hip instability with limited abduction of hips and addiction contractures?

Answer 15

Congenital hip dysphasia

Question 16

What is when the legs curve inward so the knees come together as the person walks?

Answer 16

Knock knee

Question 17

What is when one or both legs are bent outward at knee, which is normal until 2-3 years of age?

Answer 17

Bowlegs

Question 18

What is 95% medial deviation and plantar flexion of foot and 5% lateral deviation and dorsiflexion?

Answer 18

Clubfoot

Question 19

What is the inability to dorsiflex and invert foot because of peroneal nerve damage?

Answer 19

Foot drop

Question 20

What is internal rotation of forefoot or entire foot; common in infants?

Answer 20

Pigeon toes

Question 21

Damage to a component of the CNS that regulates voluntary movement results in:

Answer 21

Impaired body alignment balance and mobility.

Question 22

Direct trauma to the musculoskeletal system results in:

Answer 22

Bruises, confusions, sprains and fractures.

Question 23

Identify the complications of immobility in relation to the metabolic functioning of the body.

Answer 23

Decreased metabolic rate, alters metabolism of CHOs, fats, and proteins, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and GI disturbances.

Question 24

Name this respiratory change that occurs with immobility: collapsing of alveoli, decreased oxygenation and prolonged recovery periods.

Answer 24

Atelectasis

Question 25

Name this respiratory change that occurs with immobility: inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions; decreased oxygenation, longer recovery time.

Answer 25

Hydrostatic pneumonia

Question 26

Name the cardiovascular change that occurs with immobility: increase of heart rate of more than 15% and a drop of 15 mmHg or more in BP.

Answer 26

Orthostatic hypotension

Question 27

Name the cardiovascular change that occurs with immobility: accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors and cellular elements of the blood attached to inner wall of vein or artery.

Answer 27

Thrombus

Question 28

Identify the complications of immobility in relation to the musculoskeletal system.

Answer 28

``` A. Loss of endurance, muscle mass, strength, decreased stability and balance. B. impaired calcium metabolism C. Impaired joint mobility D. Osteoporosis E. joint contractors F. Foot drop ```

Question 29

Identify the complications of immobility in relation to the urinary system.

Answer 29

A. Urinary stasis | B. renal calculi

Question 30

Give a description of the sims position.

Answer 30

Patient places the weight on the anterior ileum humerus and clavicle.

Question 31

Which of the following is a potential hazard that you should assess when the patient is in the prone position? 1. Plantar flexion 2. Increased cervical flexion 3. Internal rotation of the shoulder 4. Unprotected pressure points at the sacrum and heels.

Answer 31

1. Foot drop. Allowing the foot to be dorsiflexed at the ankles prevents this.

Question 32

Which of the following is a physiological effect of prolonged bed rest? 1. An increase in cardiac output 2. A decrease in lean body mass 3. A decrease in lung expansion 4. A decrease in urinary excretion of nitrogen

Answer 32

3. Immobility causing decreased lung elastic recoiling and secretions accumulating in portions of the lungs.

Question 33

All of the following measures are used to assess for deep vein thrombosis except: 1. Checking for a positive Homans sign 2. Asking the patient about the presence of calf pain. 3. Observing the dorsal aspect of lower extremities for redness, warmth, and tenderness. 4. Measuring the circumference of each leg daily, placing the tape measure at the midpoint of the knee.

Answer 33

4. Need to measure bilateral calf circumference

Question 34

Which of the following is an appropriate intervention to maintain the respiratory system of the immobilized patient? 1. Turn the patient every 4 hours 2. Maintain a maximum fluid intake of 1500 mL/day 3. Apply an abdominal binder continuously while the patient is in bed 4. Encourage the patient to deep breathe and cough every 1 to 2 hours

Answer 34

4. This technique produces a forceful, productive cough without excessive fatigue.