Fundamentals Success and ATI

Question 1

a nurse instructs a patient to close the eyes after the administration of eye drops. Which rationale for this instruction should the nurse explain to the patient?

1. limits corneal irritation
2. squeezes excess medication from the eyes
3. disperses the medication over the eyeballs
4. prevents medication from entering the lacrimal duct

Answer 1

3 closing the eyes move the medication over the conjuctiva and eyeball and helps ensure an even distribution of medication

Question 2

How often should “docusate sodium 100 mg PO bid” be given?

1. three times a day
2. two times a day
3. every other day
4. at bedtime

Answer 2

2. the abbreviation bid (bis in die) represents twice a day

Question 3

A home-care nurse observes the spouse of a patient inserting a rectal suppository. Which behavior indicates that the nurse must provide further teaching about suppository administration?

1. lubricates the tip of the suppository
2. inserts the suppository while wearing a glove
3. inserts the suppository while the patient bears down
4. places the suppository a finger length into the rectum

Answer 3

3. bearing down increases intra-abdominal pressure, which impedes the insertion of the suppository. The patient should be instructed to relax and breathe deeply and slowly while the suppository is inserted

Question 4

When the nurse brings pills to a patient, the patient is unable to hold the paper cup with medications. Which should the nurse do?

1. crush the pills and mix them with applesauce
2. use the paper cup to introduce the pills into the patient’s mouth
3. have the primary health-care provider prescribe the liquid form of the drug
4. put the pills into the patient’s hand and have the patient self-administer the pills

Answer 4

2. the patient needs assistance. Keeping medication in the cup, rather than touching it with the hands, maintains medical asepsis

Question 5

which route is inappropriate for a topical medication

1. intradermal
2. bladder
3. rectum
4. vagina

Answer 5

1. an intradermal injection is inserted below, not on top of, the epidermis

Question 6

a nurse hold a bottle with the label next to the palm of the hand when pouring a liquid medication. Which is the rationale for this action?

1. prevent soiling of the label by spilled liquid
2. conceal the label from the curiosity of others
3. ensure accuracy of the measurement of the dose
4. guarantee the label is read before pouring the liquid

Answer 6

1. liquid medication may drip down the side of the bottle and soil the label, which may interfere with the ability to read the label accurately

Question 7

a primary health-care provider prescribes a medicated powder to be applied to a patent’s lower leg. What is most essential for the nurse to do when applying the medicated powder?

1. apply a thin layer in the direction of hair growth
2. protect the patient’s face with a towel
3. dress the area with dry sterile gauze
4. ensure that the skin surface is dry

Answer 7

4. moisture harbors microorganisms and when mixed with a powder will result in a paste-like substance. The site should be clean and dry before medication administration to ensure effective action of the drug

Question 8

a nurse must administer a medication into the ear of an adult. which should the nurse do to limit patient discomfort when administering ear drops?

1. warm the solution to body temperature
2. place the patient in a comfortable position
3. pull the pinna of the ear upward and backward
4. instill the fluid in the center of the auditory canal

Answer 8

1. instilling cold medication into the ear canal is uncomfortable and can cause veritigo and nausea. holding the bottle of medication in the hand for several minutes warms the solution to body temperature

Question 9

a nurse instructs a patient to inhale deeply and hold each breath for a second when using a hand-held nebulizer. The patient asks “why do i have to hold my breath?” Which information should the nurse include in the response to the patient’s question?

1. “it prolongs treatment”
2. “it limits hyperventilation”
3. “it disperses the medication”
4. “it prevents brochial smasms”

Answer 9

3. a pause at the height of inspiration will promote distribution and absorption of the medication before exhalation begins

Question 10

which abbreviation indicates that the primary health-care provider wants a medication administered before meals?

1. pc
2. OD
3. PO
4. ac

Answer 10

4. the abbreviation for before meals is ac (ante cibum)

Question 11

a home-care nurse is helping a patient with short-term memory loss with how to remember to take multiple drugs throughout the day. which should the nurse do when teaching this patient?

1. suggest that the patient wear a watch with an alarm
2. ask a family member to call the patient when medications are to be taken
3. design a chart of the medications the patient takes each day during the week
4. instruct the patient to put medications in a weekly organizational pill container

Answer 11

4. pill distribution can be set up once a week. after the medication is taken, the empty section reminds the patient that the medication was taken, which prevents excessive doses. this is a major issue for patients with short-term memory loss

Question 12

A nurse is preparing to administer a tablet into a patient. when should the nurse remove the mediation form its unit dose package?

1. outside the door to the patient’s room
2. at the patient’s bedside
3. in the medication room
4. at the medication cart

Answer 12

2. the medication should be opened and administered immediately to the patient, thereby limiting the potential for contamination. reading the label immediately before opening the package is an additional safety check. immediate administration prevents accidental disarrangement of medications that my result in a medication error

Question 13

which nursing action is appropriate when administering an analgesic?

1. reassess drug effectiveness every eight hours
2. follow the prescription exactly for the first twenty-four hours
3. seek a new prescription after two does that do not achieve a tolerable level of relief
4. ask the primary health-care provider to prescribe another medication for breakthrough pain

Answer 13

3. two does provide enough time to evaluate the effectiveness of a medication for pain. patients should not have to endure intolerable levels of pain

Question 14

the primary health-care provider prescribes a troche. in which part of the body should the nurse administer the troche?

1. ear
2. eye
3. mouth
4. rectum

Answer 14

3. a trouche, a lozenge-like tablet, dissolves slowly in the mouth in the buccal cavity to provide a localized effect

Question 15

a nurse teaches a patient about taking a sublingual nitroglycerin tablet. which part of the body identified by the patient indicates that the patient understands the teaching?

1. “on my skin”
2. “inside my cheek”
3. “under my tongue”
4. “in my eye on the lower lid”

Answer 15

3. a sublingual medication is placed under the tongue. it is absorbed quickly through the mucous membranes into the systemic circulation

Question 16

which should a nurse use when placing a cream into a patient’s vaginal canal?

1. a finger
2. a gauze pad
3. an applicator
4. an irrigation kit

Answer 16

3. the consistency of a cream requires that an applicator be used to ensure that the medication is deposited along the full length of the vaginal canal

Question 17

a primary health-care provider prescribes a medication that must be administered transdermally. which information about the route of administration does the nurse understand is related to a drug prescribed to be administered transdermally.

1. inhaled into the respiratory tract
2. dissolved under the tongue
3. absorbed through the skin
4. inserted into the rectum

Answer 17

3. medicated patch or disk can be applied directly to the skin, where the medication is released and absorbed over time. This method ensures a continuous therapeutic drug level and reduces fluctuations in circulating drug levels

Question 18

a primary health-care provider prescribes a topical medication to be administered to a patient with an area of excoriated skin. place the following steps in the order in which they should be implemented

1. don clean gloves
2. evaluate the results of the lotion on the skin
3. warm the tube of medication before application
4. cleanse the skin gently with soap and water and pat dry
5. don sterile gloves and apply a thin layer of lotion to the desired area

Answer 18

1, 4, 3, 5, 2

Question 19

a health-care provider prescribes benztropine 1.5 mg PO STAT. benztropine is available in 0.5 mg scored tablets. how many tablets should the nurse administer?

Answer 19

3 tablets

Question 20

a nurse is assessing a patient to determine if it is appropriate to administer a prescribed medication via the oral route. which information indicates that the nurse should ask the primary health-care provider for a change in route? select all that apply.

1. nausea
2. unconsciousness
3. gastric suctioning
4. emergency situation
5. difficulty swallowing

Answer 20

2, 4

Question 21

a primary health-care provider prescribes a medication via a transdermal patch. place the following steps in the order in which they should be implemented when administering this medication

1. remove the previous patch
2. contain and dispose of the used patch
3. wear clean gloves throughout the procedure
4. write the date, time and your initials on the patch
5. apply a new patch ot a different section of the skin
6. wash and dry the skin after removal of the use patch

Answer 21

3, 1, 2, 6, 5, 4

Question 22

a primary health-care provider prescribes an oral mediation for a patient. the nurse identifies that the patient is having some difficulty swallowing. what should the nurse plan to do? select all that apply

1. crush tablets that are crushable and mix with a small amount of applesauce
2. have the patient hyperextend the neck slightly when swallowing
3. give water before, during and after medication administration
4. have the patient use a straw

Answer 22

1, 3, 4

Question 23

a primary health-care provider prescribes nose drops to be administered twice a day. which should the nurse do when instilling the nose drops? select all that apply

1. tell the patient not to sniff the medication once administered
2. place the patient in the supine position with the head tilted backward
3. pinch the nares of the nose together briefly after the drops are instilled
4. instruct the patient to blow the nose 4 minutes after the drops are instilled
5. insert the drop applicator 1/2 inch into the nose toward the base of the nasal cavity

Answer 23

1. avoiding sniffing the nose drops after administration allows the medication to reach desired areas (ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses) via gravity

Question 24

which routs are associated with the administration of a suppository? select all that apply

1. ear
2. nose
3. mouth
4. vagina
5. rectum

Answer 24

4, 5

Question 25

a nurse is to administer an eye irrigation to a patient's right eye. which should the nurse do? select all that apply 1. direct the flow of solution from the inner to the outer canthus 2 irrigate with a bulb syringe held several inches above the eye 3. expose the conjunctival sac and hold open the upper lid 4. don sterile gloves before beginning the procedure 5. position the patient in a right lateral position

Answer 25

1,3

Question 26

a primary health-care provider prescribes medicated ear drops for a patient. place the following steps in the order in which they should be implemented after cleaning the patient's ear. 1. release the pinna and gently press on the tragus several times 2. pull up and back on the cartilaginous part of the pinna gently 3 place the drops on the side of the ear canal without touching the canal with the dropper 4. position the patient in the side-lying position with the affected ear facing toward the ceiling 5. warm the refrigerated ear drops to room temperature by holding the container in the palm of a hand for several minutes

Answer 26

5,4,2,3,1

Question 27

a primary health-care provider prescribes a rectal suppository for an adult patient. which actions should the nurse implement when administering the rectal suppository? select all that apply 1. lubricate the medication before insertion 2. warm the medication equal to body temperature 3. instruct the patient to take deep breaths through the mouth 4. insert the medication just inside the rectum's external sphincter 5. place the patient in the prone position to administer the medication

Answer 27

1, 3

Question 28

a primary health-care provider prescribes a liquid medication that has an unpleasant taste for a school-aged child. What should the nurse do to facilitate administration of this medication? select all that apply. 1. mix it with the child's favorite food 2. teach that the taste only last a short time 3. give an ice pop just before giving the medication 4. have a parent administer the mediation if present 5. offer the child the choice of a spoon, needless syringe, or dropper

Answer 28

3, 5

Question 29

a primary health-care provider prescribes acetaminophen 320 mg PO every 6 hours prn for pain for a 12-year-old child. the child has difficulty swallowing pills and the nurse obtains a liquid form of the drug. the bottle of acetaminophen states that there are 160 mg/5 mL. how much solution of acetaminophen should be administered

Answer 29

10 mL

Question 30

a nurse is interviewing a newly admitted patient in the process of completing a nursing admission history and physical. which information should be included in a medication reconciliation form? select all that apply 1. vitamins 2. drug allergies 3. food supplements 4. over-the-counter herbs 5. prescribed emdications

Answer 30

1, 3, 4, 5

Question 31

a primary health-care provider prescribes a vaginal suppository for a patient. the nurse obtains the suppository, pulls the curtain around the patient's bed, encourages the patient to void, provides perineal care, and then dons a new pair of clean gloves. place the following steps in order in which they should now progress to complete the administration of the vaginal suppository 1. drape the patient exposing only the vaginal area 2. position the patient in the dorsal recumbent position 3. encourage the patient to remain in the supine position for 10 to 20 minutes 4. lubricate the suppository and the nurse's index finger with a water-soluble jelly 5. insert the suppository downward and backward using the full length of the index finger

Answer 31

2, 1, 4, 5, 3

Question 32

a primary health-care provider prescribes a liquid oral medication for a patient. which actions should the nurse implement when administering this medication? select all that apply 1. vigorously shake the liquid before pouring a dose 2. measure oral liquids in a calibrated medication cup at eye level 3 pour liquids with the label facing away from the palm of the hand 4. place an opened top of a container on a surface with the inside lid facing up 5. use a needless syringe to measure an oral liquid less than 5 mL and transfer it to a medication cup

Answer 32

2, 4, 5

Question 33

a primary health-care provider prescribes an oral mediation fora patient with a nasogastric tube on low continuous suction. which actions should the nurse implement when administering this medication? select all that apply 1. give each medication separately 2. follow medication administration with 100 mL of free water 3. crush crushable tablets into fine powder and mix with 30 mL of warm water 4. shut off nasogastric tub suctioning for 30 minutes after medication administration 5. ensure nasogastric tube placement by instilling 30 mL of air while auscultating over the epigastric area for a "whooshing" sound

Answer 33

1,3.4