Fundoscopy

Question 1

Altitudinal field defects are often seen: ‘curtain coming down.

Answer 1

Ischaemic/vascular
often referred to as ‘amaurosis fugax’
wide differential including large artery disease (atherothrombosis, embolus, dissection), small artery occlusive disease (anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, vasculitis e.g. temporal arteritis), venous disease and hypoperfusion
may represent a form of transient ischaemic attack (TIA). It should therefore be treated in a similar fashion, with aspirin 300mg being given
altitudinal field defects are often seen: ‘curtain coming down’
ischaemic optic neuropathy is due to occlusion of the short posterior ciliary arteries, causing damage to the optic nerve

Question 2

Name this condition and describe its features

Answer 2

Diabetic Retinopathy

Microaneurysms
Dot and blot haemorrhages
Cotton wool spots
Neovascularisation