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Opto Prac > Fundus Anomalies (Optic Nerve) > Flashcards

Fundus Anomalies (Optic Nerve) Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

general term to describe degeneration, demyelinization, inflammation or infection of optic nerve

A

Optic Neuritis

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2
Q

Intraocular optic neuritis

A

Papillitis

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2
Q

optic nerve head is involved & there are visible changes in the disk

A

Papillitis

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2
Q

Two types of Optic Neuritis

A

Papillitis (intraocular optic neuritis) & Retrobulbar neuritis (orbital optic neuritis)

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3
Q

Orbital optic neuritis

A

Retrobulbar Neuritis

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4
Q

great disturbance of vision & usually unilateral

A

Papillitis

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4
Q

pain around the eye or on movement of the eyeball

A

papillitis

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4
Q

in very early stage, there may be congestion of the disk with blurring or striation of margins

A

Papillitis

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5
Q

globe tender to palpation

A

Papillitis

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6
Q

most common cause is syphilis

A

Papillitis

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6
Q

in fairly established condition, the disk is swollen & of whitish gray color with reddish center, striated & often presenting white spots & hemorrhages

A

Papillitis

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6
Q

surrounding retina involved & edema may accumulate in the macula to produce radiating streaks, described as “macular star”

A

Papillitis

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6
Q

arteries appear thin while the veins are distended & very tortous

A

Papillitis

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7
Q

Etiology:
Encephalitis
Meningitis
Multiple sclerosis
Focal infection
Lead poisoning
Vascular disease
Uveitis
Orbital inflammation

A

Papillitis

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7
Q

serious; if unchecked, vision is finally much impaired or lost

A

Papillitis

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7
Q

Treatment: directed against the cause, locally the rest of the eye & from light are indicated

A

Papillitis

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7
Q

involves the orbital or intracranial portion of the optic nerve

A

Retrobulbar Neuritis (Orbital Optic Neuritis)

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7
Q

rapidly progressing impairment of sight

A

Retrobulbar neuritis

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7
Q

headache on affected side

A

Retrobulbar neuritis

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7
Q

pain in the orbit aggravated by movements of the eye & upon pressing the eye backward

A

Retrobulbar neuritis

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8
Q

pupil often reacts sluggishly

A

Retrobulbar neuritis

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9
Q

at first there are no changes

A

Retrobulbar neuritis

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10
Q

later there may be slight hyperemia of the disk haziness of the disk margins

A

Retrobulbar neuritis

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10
Q

sometimes diminished caliber of the retinal vessels

A

retrobulbar neuritis

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11
most common cause is multiple sclerosis
retrobulbar neuritis
12
Etiology: -syphilis, rheumatism or diabetes -acute infectious disease (influenza) -septic foci/poisons
retrobulbar neuritis
13
in general, prognosis is good
retrobulbar neuritis
14
Treatment: cause should be attacked, large doses of vitamin B complex
retrobulbar neuritis
14
in multiple sclerosis, the involvement of the optic nerve rarely leads to complete blindness
retrobulbar neuritis
15
blind spot is enlarged
Papilledema
15
a non-inflammatory swelling of the optic nerve head resulting from increased intracranial pressure of some interference of the optic nerve circulation, particularly venous drainage
Papilledema
15
in early stages, there is no impairment of vision
Papilledema
16
later, reduction in vision may occur & progress to blindness if intracranial pressure is not reduced
Papilledema
17
in early stages, there may only be slight edema of the disk
Papilledema
18
later examination shows great swelling & protrusion of the disk
Papilledema
19
distortion & tortuosity of the retinal veins
Papilledema
20
most frequent cause is brain tumor
Papilledema
21
22
Diagnosis: long, continued choked disk results in more or less permanent loss of vision associated with secondary optic atrophy
Papilledema
22
Treatment: vision restored if intracranial pressure is reduced in time removal or treatment of lesion
papilledema
22
degeneration of nerve fibers
Simple or primary optic atrophy
23
reduction in acuteness of vision
optic atrophy (primary/secondary)
23
results from previous inflammation or edema
Secondary or Postneuritic or secondary inflammatory atrophy
23
diminution in the light sense
optic atrophy (primary/secondary)
24
color blindness
optic atrophy (primary/secondary)
25
when atrophy is complete, pupils are dilated & immobile
optic atrophy (primary/secondary)
26
disk is white, graying or bluish white edges of the disk are sharply defined & regular
Simple atrophy
27
size of disk is diminished & presents saucer-shaped excavation
Simple atrophy
28
minute vessels have disappeared
Simple atrophy
29
Etiology: -Cerebrospinal diseases -Multiple sclerosis -Systemic syphilis -Malaria -Diabetes -Excessive hemorrhage -Arteriosclerosis -Certain poisons (arsenic, wood alcohol) -Choroiditis -Retinitis -Glaucoma
Simple atrophy
29
arteries are diminished in caliber
Simple atrophy
30
disk is dense white or grayish in color
Secondary atrophy
30
margins are irregular & hazy
Secondary atrophy
31
minute vessels are lost
Secondary atrophy
32
retinal arteries are narrow
Secondary atrophy
32
Etiology: Papilledema Optic neuritis Tumors of the optic nerve
Secondary atrophy
33
arteries & veins enclosed by white lines
Secondary atrophy
33
prognosis is better & depends upon extent optic nerve has escaped from destructive influences
Secondary atrophy
33
Treatment: Control the cause Scleral or EOM surgical transplantation have been tried initiate scleral vascularization which may induce choroidal & retinal neovascularization
Optic atrophy (primary/secondary)
33
occurs in middle life; the course is slow extending over many months & prognosis is unfavorable, the condition progresses to absolute blindness
Simple atrophy

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