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Flashcards in Fungal diseases Deck (18)
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1
Q

What are the three main ways a fungi may pathogenically effect a human ?

A
  1. Mycoses (true infection)
  2. Mycotoxicoses (ingestion of micro or macro fungal toxins
  3. Allergies(Inhalation oospores triggering inflammation e.g hay fever)
2
Q

How many poisonous and how many Fatal macro fungi produce mycotoxicoses in the uk ?

A

There are 20 poisonous and 5 fatal species.

3
Q

What is the Latin name of the death cap ?

A

Amanita phalloides

4
Q

How do symptoms occur after ingesting the death cap. mushroom ?

A

6-24 h delay until vomiting and diarrhoea. 1-2 days after it will seem as if symptoms have subsided. 1-2 days later after that then death will occur.

5
Q

How do death caps kill humans ?

A

Phalloidin toxins toxins effect the liver. Amantin effects the liver and kidney.

6
Q

What is the name for toxic black mold and how does it infect a human ?

A

Stachybotrys. Ihalation of spores cause hay fever. Sporesare able to grow saprotrophically in the mucus of the lung; forming a localised ball of hyphae. If reaches blood stream may become systemic and true mycoses will occur e.g Aspergillosis.

7
Q

What are the main features of a superficial/ cutaneous fungal infection ?

A
  • Parasites with poor saprotrophic ability.
  • Colonise dead keratinous layers
  • Contagious via dead skin or hair cells
  • Create prorating and frond hyphae
8
Q

Give two examples of superficial/ cutaneous fungal infections and their Latin names ?

A

Ringworm- Tinea corporis

Athletes foot-tines pedis

9
Q

How does perforating and frond hyphae occuronthe skin ?

A

Hyphae grows on the substrate surface. Perforating hyphae grow into the tissue. Frond hyphae grows in a plane of weakness; force layers apart causing flaking.

10
Q

What are the main features of systemic mycoses ?

A
  • Saprotrophic
  • Mycelial or yeast (usually yeast)
  • Dimorphic (can convert from Yeats to hyphae and back again)
  • Enter via the wounds of usually debilitated patients.
11
Q

What is Cryptococcosis caused by and what are its characteristics ?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans. Basidiomycete yeast, saprotrophic.

12
Q

What are the three main forms of disease from cryptococcosis ?

A

Pulmonary(10%), skin/ bone lesions (10%) and CNS (80%).

13
Q

What is the main fatal disease caused by crytococcus neoformans ?

A

Meningitis. Mortality for HIV associated cryptococcal meningitis Is 10 - 30 % in developed countries and as high as 44% in Africa.

14
Q

What is neurotropism and why is it strong in Crytococcis ?

A

Neurotropism is the ability to infect the nervous system. Cryptococci require thiamin which is used a lot to contract the nerves in the nervous system meaning thatit is easily able to infect.

15
Q

What is Candidiasis caused by ?

A

Candida spp- especially C.albicans

16
Q

What are the main features of Candidias ?

A

Ascomycete, dimorphic. Transmited by contact. Opputunist of debilitated hosts. Can occur as a superficial infection (thrush and vaginitis0 or systemic .

17
Q

When is candias considered to be systemic ?

A

Once it enters the blood stream.

18
Q

How does the dimorphic ability of Candida app§ help infect organs ?

A

Hyphae penetrate tissue, Yeast circulates in liquids.