Fungal infections

Question 1

fungi

Answer 1

eukaryotic organisms the break down organic matter into nutrients

Question 2

superficial mycoses

Answer 2

skin hair nails and mucous membranes

Question 3

examples of superficial mycoses

Answer 3

dermatophytes and canidida

Question 4

3 classes of dematophytes

Answer 4

microsporisium sp, epidermophyton, trichophyton sp

Question 5

depatophytes are

Answer 5

filamentous fungi which produce keritinase which digest keratin rich tissues

Question 6

microsporidium canis

Answer 6

associated with cats and dogs

Question 7

3 habitats for dematophytes

Answer 7

anthrophilic - man revevoir
zoophilic - animal recevoir which can infect man
geophillic - found in the soil - occasionally pathogenic

Question 8

example of a zoophilic dematopyte

Answer 8

microsporidium canis

Question 9

example of an antrhrophillic dermatophyte

Answer 9

trichophyton rubrum - chronic athletes foot

Question 10

candida albicans

Answer 10

diploid

50% of candida infections

Question 11

2nd most common candida

Answer 11

glabrata and tropicalasis

Question 12

candida commensal organisms

Answer 12

50%in our mouths and GI tracts

20% women in the genitouterine tract

Question 13

candida glabrata

Answer 13

virulence factors have evolved separately

saccromyces

Question 14

predisposing factors for a candid infection

Answer 14

antibiotics, diabetes mellitus (high sugar), pregnancy

Question 15

Trychophyton concentricium

Answer 15

rare, tine imbricata (torso and limbs)
SW polynesia, SE asia and central america
genetic and immunological susceptibility

Question 16

subcutaneous mycoses

Answer 16

affect the subcutaneous tissue - puncture wound/trauma
normally sterile
geographically limited

Question 17

subcutaneous mycoses develop + treat

Answer 17

develop slowly (months - years) and are challenge to treat - 6months of antifungals, 3rd world facilities tropics, can spread through the lymph nodes, poor response to treatment they can become chronic

Question 18

Black mould

Answer 18

chromoblasto mycosis - fonsecca pedrossoi

Question 19

madura foot

Answer 19

madurella mycetomasis

Question 20

entomophthoramycosis

Answer 20

rare subcutaneous mycosis

• basiobolus ran arum
• condibolus coronatus

Question 21

rare subcutaneous mycosis

• basiobolus ran arum
• condibolus coronatus

Answer 21

entomophthoramycosis

Question 22

subcutaneous Rhinosporidosis

Answer 22

rhinosporidium seeberi

Question 23

chromosblastomycosis

Answer 23

development of dematiacecus (brown augmented) round sclerotic bodies
crusted and wart like
associated with decaying vegetation

Question 24

chromosblastomycosis culture

Answer 24

substances should be inoculated into primary isolation media - sabourads dextrose agar

Question 25

chromosblastomycosis fungi

Answer 25

fonsecca sp, phialophora verrucosa

Question 26

which invasive mycoses cause 90% of fungal deaths

Answer 26

aspergillus, candida, cryptococcus (neoformins), pneumocytis

Question 27

as many people die from fungal diseases as die from

Answer 27

malaria and Tb

Question 28

primary pathogens in invasive mycoses

Answer 28

- histoplasma capsulatum - africa - blastomyces dermatidus - paracoccidoses brasiliens - coccidiosis immitus

Question 29

how do primary invasive mycoses get in

Answer 29

inhaled

Question 30

all primary invasive mycoses are thermally dimorphic

Answer 30

37 - parasitic yeast | 25 - saprotrophic filamentous

Question 31

asymptomatic invasive mycose

Answer 31

histoplasma capsulatum - 1-2 months to clease

Question 32

mild resp infection can

Answer 32

progress into severe pulmonary or dissemination infection | 25% HIV patients

Question 33

some candida sp can

Answer 33

cause superficial and systemic infections

Question 34

deep seated dissemination infections

Answer 34

sing. organ or widespread

Question 35

predisposition DS dissemination infection

Answer 35

- neutropenia, organ/bone marrow transplant (33%) | - major burns, abdominal surgery, catheters

Question 36

mortality from deep seated

Answer 36

30-50%

Question 37

why is outcome of patients normally poor even though new antifungals are being developed

Answer 37

diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment

Question 38

new and upcoming assay to help diagnose fungal infections properly

Answer 38

- mannan + antimannan antibodies | - fungal metabolites (d- arabitanol) detection of invasive candidais

Question 39

aspergillum cell wall component used to diagnose

Answer 39

galactomannan

Question 40

what else is used to detect fungi in

Answer 40

B glucans