Fungi

Question 1

What does the word Mykos refer to?

Answer 1

Fungus

Question 2

What does the word mycoses refer to?

Answer 2

A disease caused by a fungus

Question 3

What is mycology?

Answer 3

Study of fungi

Question 4

Fungi are …

Answer 4

heterotrophs

Question 5

Fungi can exist as

Answer 5

single cells or chains of cells together.

Question 6

Most fungi live in soil or decaying vegetable matter and

Answer 6

known as saprotrophs (saprophytes)

Question 7

The vegetative body of a fungus is called ____ and network of branching
hyphae/filaments is known as ______.

Answer 7

thallus

mycelium

Question 8

Fungi can also exist as what?

Answer 8

yeasts

Question 9

True or false. Fungi reproduce only sexually.

Answer 9

Reproduce sexually and asexually

Question 10

What are Some beneficial activities of fungi?

Answer 10

Food-direct consumption
Food production
Alcoholic drinks
Tobacco and Rubber
Decomposition and waste disposal
Medicinal products

Question 11

What are some harmful activities of fungi?

Answer 11

Attack all materials, especially wood

Spoilage of stored food, produce mycotoxins

Destroy crops

Spontaneous combustion of stacked vegetable matter

Attack human and animals

Question 12

What is part of Z y g o m y c e t e s?

Answer 12

Mucor

Rhizopus

Question 13

What is a part of Basidiomycetes?

Answer 13

Cryptococcus Malassezia

Question 14

A s c o m y c e t e s pt 1

Answer 14

Histoplasma Blastomyces Aspergillus Trichophyton

Question 15

A s c o m y c e t e s pt 2

Answer 15

Epidermophyton Microsporum Sporothrix

Question 16

Deuteromycetes (fungi imperfecti)

Answer 16

Candida Trichosporon

Question 17

Fungal cell can be ..

Answer 17

Hyphal cell or budding yeast

Question 18

Mould form

Answer 18

Is a vegetative growth of fungal filament known as hypha (Pl. Hyphae)

Question 19

Mass of hyphae is known as ________.

Answer 19

mycelium

Question 20

In mould form fungi may be …

Answer 20

Fungi may be hyaline or coloured (dematiaceous), multicellular.

Question 21

Unicellular or Yeast form

Answer 21

Single-celled fungus that reproduce by budding to form blastoconidia, Colonies are moist or mucoid.

Question 22

Examples of unicellular / yeast

Answer 22

Candida, Cryptococcus.

Question 23

Characteristic of yeast colony

Answer 23

Pasty/creamy colony

Question 24

Characteristic of mould colony

Answer 24

Powdery or cottony colony

Question 25

Septate hyphae info and who has it

Answer 25

Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, Glomeromycota. Fungi can be hyaline or dematiaceous (pigmented)

Question 26

Non-septate (coenocytic) or sparsely septate hyphae who has it

Answer 26

Mucorales (Examples: bread moulds: Mucor, Rhizopus, Lichtheimia (Absidia)

Question 27

What’s black bread moulds scientific name?

Answer 27

Rhizopus stolonifer

Question 28

Hyphae grow from

Answer 28

their tips

Question 29

Mycelium =

Answer 29

extensive, feeding | web of hyphae

Question 30

Mycelia are the

Answer 30

ecologically active bodies of fungi

Question 31

Feeding of hyphae steps

Answer 31

1. They release enzymes 2. Enzymes breakdown the substrate 3. Products diffuse into hyphae 4. Hyphae use the products to grow at the tips

Question 32

Asexual spores

Answer 32

Conidia[either budding or from hyphae], Sporangiospores, Chlamydspores

Question 33

Sexual spores:

Answer 33

Zygospores, Basidiospores, Ascospores

Question 34

Dimorphic fungi can

Answer 34

grow using different forms

Question 35

Histoplasma Capsulatum ranges

Answer 35

Mould form 25-28c | Yeast form 37c

Question 36

Why does H. Capsulatum have two forms?

Answer 36

To survive nutritional requirements are more complex

Question 37

What are the medias of the different forms for H. Capsulatum

Answer 37

Sabouraud agar 25oC =mould form. Brain heart infusion agar with 5% blood 37oC = yeast form.

Question 38

Fungi require specific environment to grow

Answer 38

( light isn’t required, acidic, 25-37 oC exception Aspergillus fumigatus require 37-40 oC )& organic nutrition (they absorb rather than ingest food)

Question 39

What are the different cultures for fungi?

Answer 39

Sabouraud agar (carbs rich) with chloramphenicol Sabouraud agar (carbs rich) with chloramphenicol +/- cycloheximide at 25oC. Medium for mould to yeast conversion: Brain-Heart Infusion agar with 5% sheep blood. Incubate the medium at 37oC up to 4 weeks or longer, prevent dehydration.

Question 40

What fungi is seen if soil is asssociated with Bird and bat faeces? With what IF abnormality?

Answer 40

Histoplasma capsulatum. | IF abnormality: reticuloendothelial cells

Question 41

What fungi is seen if soil is asssociated with Pigeon faeces?

Answer 41

Cryptococcus neoformans.

Question 42

What fungi is seen if soil is associated with Soil alone?

Answer 42

Dermatophytes (geophilia)

Question 43

What fungi is seen if soil is asssociated with human (im guessing faeces)? With what IF abnormality?

Answer 43

Candida albicans. IF abnormality: skin lesion/orophargeal candidacies

Question 44

Mycotoxicosis

Answer 44

caused by ingested toxin: Aspergillus flavus - Aflatoxin- haptotoxic

Question 45

Allergies

Answer 45

Asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary disease, IgE and or IgG mediated

Question 46

Colonization and invasion

Answer 46

Superficial and cutaneous, Subcutaneous, Deep seated, | disseminated, Opportunistic mycoses, or True (endemic) mycoses.