Fungi Flashcards
(13 cards)
what is mycology? medical mycology?
- mycology is the study of fungi.
- medical mycology is the study of fungus that cause disease in human.
what is fungi ?
Fungi are either terrestrial or aquatic, the latter living in freshwater or marine environments.
where do fungi species found?
• Freshwater species are usually found in clean, cool water because they do not tolerate high degrees of salinity.
• However, some species are found in slightly brackish water, and a few thrive in highly polluted streams.
• On land, fungi are found in all temperate and tropical regions of the world where there is sufficient moisture to enable them to grow.
• Soil that is rich in organic matter furnishes an ideal habitat for a large number of species.
where are fungi appear?
Fungi are everywhere in very large numbers—in the soil and the air, in lakes, rivers, and seas, on and within plants and animals, in food and clothing, and in the human body.
Together with bacteria, what is fungi responsible for?
Together with bacteria, fungi are responsible for breaking down organic matter and releasing carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus into the soil and the atmosphere.
what are the important of fungi use in food, medicinal, other?
• Fungi are essential to many household and industrial processes, notably the making of bread, wine, beer, and certain cheeses.
• Fungi are also used as food; for example, some mushrooms, morels, and truffles are epicurean delicacies, and mycoproteins (fungal proteins), derived from the mycelia of certain species of fungi, are used to make foods that are high in protein.
• Other species of fungi contain chemicals that are extracted and used to produce drugs known as statins, which control cholesterol levels and ward off coronary heart disease.
• Fungi are also used in the production of a number of organic acids, enzymes, and vitamins.
what is ergot? synonym of ergot?
Claviceps purpurea, which is commonly called ergot. Ergot is a source of several chemicals used in drugs that induce labour in pregnant women and that control hemorrhage after birth. Ergot is also the source of lysergic acid, the active principle of the psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD).
how fungi use the nutrition?
▪ Fungi can readily absorb and metabolize a variety of soluble carbohydrates, such as glucose, xylose, sucrose, and fructose.
▪ Fungi are also characteristically well equipped to use insoluble carbohydrates such as starches, cellulose, and hemicelluloses, as well as very complex hydrocarbons such as lignin.
▪ Many fungi can also use proteins as a source of carbon and nitrogen.
To use insoluble carbohydrate and protein, what does fungi must do?
To use insoluble carbohydrates and proteins, fungi must first digest these polymers extracellularly. Saprobic fungi obtain their food from dead organic material; parasitic fungi do so by feeding on living organisms (usually plants).
which fungus produce enzyme?
Cheeses such as Brie and Camembert are matured by enzymes produced by the fungus Penicillium camemberti, which grows on the outer surface of some cheeses.
how fungi reproduce? what do sexual and asexual cycle produce? are spores of them the same?
Fungi usually reproduce both sexually and asexually. The asexual cycle produces mitospores, and the sexual cycle produces meiospores. Even though both types of spores are produced by the same mycelium, they are very different in form and easily distinguished.
what are the important ecological factors in determining the distribution of fungi ?
Moisture and temperature are two additional ecological factors that are important in determining the distribution of fungi.
In what temperature does the fungi need?
• The majority of fungi are mesophilic, meaning they have an optimum growth temperature of 20–30 °C (68–86 °F).
• Thermophilic species are able to grow at 50 °C (122 °F) or higher but are unable to grow below 30 °C.
• Although the optimum temperature for growth of most fungi lies at or above 20 °C, a large number of species are able to grow close to or below 0 °C (32 °F).
