Fungi

Question 0

How do yeasts multiply?

Answer 0

divide by binary fission or budding

Question 1

What are Yeasts?

Answer 1

Single cell eukaryotes

Question 2

What are molds?

Answer 2

Fungi that produce mycelia

Question 3

Cellular composition of molds?

Answer 3

Multicellular

Question 4

What is a hyphae?

Answer 4

A long branching filament that forms the feeding thallus of a fungus called the mycelium

Question 5

What are the 2 types of hyphae?

Answer 5

Septate- walls that divide hyphae into cells

Aseptate-no walls

Question 6

What are the 4 groups of Fungi?

Answer 6

Phycomycetes
Ascomycetes
Basidiomycetes
Deuteromycetes(fungi imperfecta)

Question 7

What are phycomycetes?

Answer 7

1 Sexual spores are free zygotes

2 Asexual spores are enclosed in sac-like structure called sporangium

Question 8

What about Ascomycetes?

Answer 8

1 Sexual spores enclosed in sacs called asci

2 Asexual spores are exogenous, formed at the end of the hyphae

Question 9

What about Basidiomycetes?

Answer 9

Sexual spores found on basidia

Question 10

What about Deuteromycetes?

Answer 10

(Fungi imperfecta) No sexual stage

Question 11

What is a mycoses?

Answer 11

Disease caused by infection from a fungus?

Question 12

Histoplasmosis is also know as?

Answer 12

Spelunker’s disease

Question 13

What causes histoplasmosis?

Answer 13

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 14

Where is histoplasmosis found?

Answer 14

Found worldwide but concentrated in midwest and eastern US

Question 15

What is histoplasmosis found in?

Answer 15

in soil contaminated with bat and bird feces(frequently in caves)

Question 16

How do you get infected with histoplasmosis?

Answer 16

inhalation of the spores

Question 17

What is another name for coccidiomycosis?

Answer 17

valley fever

Question 18

What is coccidiomycosis caused by?

Answer 18

Coccidioides immitis

Question 19

Where is coccidiomycosis found?

Answer 19

found in southwestern US (NM, AZ)

Question 20

How do you get coccidiomycosis and what are the infections like?

Answer 20

Inhale arthrospore and most infections are asymptomatic, maybe only a slight fever

Question 21

What is blastomycosis caused by?

Answer 21

blastomyces dermatitis

Question 22

How do you get blastomycosis?

Answer 22

Spores are inhaled into lungs where they are transformed to a yeast form of the microbe

Question 23

What are the symptoms of blastomycosis?

Answer 23

50% of individuals are symptomatic, with flu like illness with productive cough

Question 24

How do you treat systemic fungi?

Answer 24

Amphotericin B- binds to sterols, and disrupts cell, which causes cell lysis

Question 25

What is the one subcutaneous mycoses we need to know?

Answer 25

Sporotrichosis

Question 26

What is sporotrichosis also known as?

Answer 26

rose handlers disease

Question 27

what causes sporotrichosis?

Answer 27

sporothrix schenckii

Question 28

who is susceptible to sporotrichosis?

Answer 28

occupational hazard for green house workers and gardeners

Question 29

How do we become infected by sporotrichosis?

Answer 29

it enters through a skin lesion and transforms to a yeast form

Question 30

How does sporotrichosis appear in the body?

Answer 30

as nodules and skin lesions that appear along the lymphatic system

Question 31

How does dermatophytoses invade us?

Answer 31

through dead keratinized tissue(hair and nails)

Question 32

What are the three major genera of dermatophytoses?

Answer 32

trichophyton, microsporum, epidermophyton

Question 33

what is synonymous with dermatophytoses?

Answer 33

tinea

Question 34

what is a tinea infection?

Answer 34

name given to a skin fungal infection

Question 35

What are the 4 types of tinea infections and where on the body are they?

Answer 35

tinea pedis-athletes foot tinea corporis-trunk or extremities tinea capitis- heada, causes hair loss tinea unguium- nails

Question 36

what is the superficial mycoses called?

Answer 36

tinea versicolor

Question 37

what causes tinea versicolor?

Answer 37

yeast

Question 38

What causes tinea versicolor to proliferate?

Answer 38

it is caused by yeast which is part of the normal flora but heat humidity and sweat help it to proliferate

Question 39

Is tinea versicolor contagious?

Answer 39

no

Question 40

How to check for tinea versicolor?

Answer 40

1 use a KOH wet mount to look for yeast cells(it is a skin test) 2 use a woods lamp the black light will make an infected area fluoresce, normally the skin does not does not fluoresce or shine under UV light

Question 41

What are two types of pathogenic yeast?

Answer 41

Candidiasis and cryptococcosis

Question 42

What causes candidiasis?

Answer 42

caused by Candida albicans

Question 43

Who gets Candidiasis?

Answer 43

it is part of the normal flora in the mouth, gut, and vagina. It becomes a pathogen when normal conditions are altered-antibiotics or depressed immunity

Question 44

What does candidiasis look like?

Answer 44

thrush or skin infections

Question 45

What causes cryptococcosis and what does it look like?

Answer 45

it is caused by cryptococcus neoformans and is a large encapsulated yeast

Question 46

how do we get cryptococcus?

Answer 46

microbe enters the host via the respiratory route

Question 47

What does cryptococcus do once you are infected with it?

Answer 47

after some time in the lungs it spreads to extra-pulmonary tissues

Question 48

what does cryptococcosis have a predilection for(like)?

Answer 48

the brain so infected persons usually contact meningoecephalitis

Question 49

What is Pneumocystis carinii?

Answer 49

maybe a fungus or a protozoan. different antigenic strains have been found in various animal hosts.

Question 50

What does Pneumocystis Carnii do to someone?

Answer 50

it is an asymptomatic infectio of the lungs in early life and persists in an inactive or latent stage unless the host becomes immunocompromised