Fungi

Question 1

most common body structures are multicellular filaments and single cells

Answer 1

yeasts

Question 2

fungi consists of ____, networks of branched ______ adapted for absorption

Answer 2

mycelia, hyphae

Question 3

fungal cell walls contains ___

Answer 3

chitin

Question 4

most fungi have hyphae divided into cells by ____, w pores allowing cell-to-cell movement of organelles

Answer 4

septa

Question 5

some unique fungi have specialized hyphae called ____ which allows them to penetrate the tissues of their hosts

Answer 5

haustoria

Question 6

are mutually beneficial relationships between fungi and plant roots

Answer 6

mycorrhizae

Question 7

form sheaths of hyphae over a
root and also grow into the extracellular spaces of the root cortex

Answer 7

ectomycorrhizal fungi

Question 8

extend hyphae through
the cell walls of root cells and into tubes formed by invagination of the root cell membrane

Answer 8

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Question 9

mycorrhizal fungi colonize soils by the dispersal of haploid cells called

Answer 9

spores

Question 10

Fungi use sexual signaling molecules called ______ to communicate their mating type

Answer 10

pheromones

Question 11

is the union of cytoplasm from two parent mycelia

Answer 11

plasmogamy

Question 12

in most fungi, the haploid nuclei from each parent do not fuse right away; they coexist in the mycelium, called a

Answer 12

heterokaryon

Question 12

In some fungi, the haploid nuclei pair off two to a cell; such a mycelium is said to be

Answer 12

dikaryotic

Question 13

Hours, days, or even centuries may pass before the occurrence of _______, nuclear fusion

Answer 13

karyogamy

Question 14

produce haploid spores by mitosis and form visible mycelia.

Answer 14

molds

Question 15

mycologists have traditionally called these

Answer 15

deuteromycetes

Question 16

fungi, animals, and their protistan relatives form the _______ clade

Answer 16

opisthokonts

Question 17

fungi are most closely related to unicellular

Answer 17

nucleariids

Question 18

(phylum Chytridiomycota) are found in
terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats including hydrothermal vents; can be decomposers, parasites, or mutualists

Answer 18

chytrids

Question 19

chytrids are unique among fungi in having flagellated spores, called

Answer 19

zoospores

Question 20

(phylum Zygomycota) exhibit great diversity of life histories; includes fat-growing molds, parasites, and commensal symbionts; black bread mold

Answer 20

zygomycetes

Question 21

the zygomycetes are named for their sexually produced

Answer 21

zygosporangia

Question 22

(phylum Glomeromycota) were once considered zygomycetes

Answer 22

glomeromycetes

Question 23

(phylum Ascomycota) live in marine,
freshwater, and terrestrial habitats; commonly called sac fungi

Answer 23

ascomycetes

Question 24

Ascomycetes produce sexual spores in saclike ____ contained in fruiting bodies called _____,

Answer 24

asci, ascocarps

Question 25

ascomycetes reproduce asexually by enormous numbers of asexual spores called

Answer 25

conidia

Question 26

(phylum Basidiomycota) include mushrooms, puffballs, and shelf fungi; form mycorrhizae, and others are plant parasites; also called club fungi

Answer 26

basidomycetes

Question 27

The phylum is defined by a clublike structure called a _______, a transient diploid stage in the life cycle

Answer 27

basidium

Question 28

in response to environmental stimuli, the mycelium reproduces sexually by producing elaborate fruiting bodies called; mushrooms

Answer 28

basidiocarps

Question 29

The general term for a fungal infection in animals is

Answer 29

mycosis

Question 29

is a symbiotic association between a photosynthetic microorganism and a fungus

Answer 29

lichen

Question 29

Plants harbor harmless symbiotic _____, fungi that live inside leaves or other plant parts; make toxins that deter herbivores and defend against pathogens, or make them more tolerant to heat, drought, or heavy metals

Answer 29

endophytes

Question 29

Asexual reproduction is by fragmentation or the formation of ______, small clusters of hyphae with embedded algae

Answer 29

soredia