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NBDE 1 > Fungi > Flashcards

Fungi Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What are dermatophytes?

A

Pathogenic members of the keratinophilic (keratin digesting) soil fungi.

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2
Q

What are the two fungi that are pathogens to both animals and humans? What is the one that is only human pathogen?

A

microsporum and trichophyton; epidermophyton

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3
Q

Fungi infection occurs by contact with what?

A

arthrospores or conida

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4
Q

What are arthrospores?

A

asexual spores formed in the hyphae of the parasitic stage

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5
Q

what is conida?

A

sexual or asexual spores formed in the free living environmental stage

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6
Q

Dermatophytoses infection in humans is referred to as?

A

tinea infections

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7
Q

Tinea capitis

A

dermatophyte infection of the hair and scalp most common in children

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8
Q

tinea corporis (also known as?)

A

ring worm occurs on trunk, extremities and face

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9
Q

tinea barbae

A

infections of the hairs and skin in the bear and mustache area usually seen in men

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10
Q

tinea faciei

A

seen on the nonbearded parts of the face

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11
Q

tinea cruris (commonly called?)

A

infection of the groin jock itch

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12
Q

tinea pedis (commonly called)

A

athletes foot infection of the foot

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13
Q

inea manuum

A

infection of one or occasionally both hands

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14
Q

tinea unguium

A

infection of the nail

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15
Q

What is the most effective antimycotic (antifungal) agent?

A

griseofulvin

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16
Q

What is fungi? (4)

A

Eukaryotic Complex cell wall Gram (+) Contain both DNA and RNA

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17
Q

What are the two types of fungi?

A

Yeasts and mold

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18
Q

What is yeast?

A

grow as single cells that reproduce by asexual budding

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19
Q

what is mold?

A

long filaments (hyphae) which form a mat like structure that is referred to as mycelium

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20
Q

what is dimorphism?

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A

a characteristic of some fungi, form different structures at different temperatures. Example, they exist as molds in saprophytic, free living state at ambient temperatures. Yeasts exists in host tissues at body temperature.

21
Q

What are the major dimorphic fungi? (4)

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A

Blastomyces, histoplasma, coccidiodes, sporothrix schenckii

22
Q

Most fungi reproduce asexually by forming?

23
Q

what are examples of asexual spores (conida)? (4)

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A

athrospores, chlamydospores, blastospores, sporangiospores

24
Q

what are examples of sexual spores?

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A

zygospores, ascospores, basidiospores

25
What are the cell walls of most fungi contain? What lipids make the cell membrane?
Beta 1:3 glucan; ergosterol
26
At what temperature are most fungal spores completely killed?
80 degrees Celsium for 30 minutes
27
The form of the fungus producing sexual spores is termed?
teleomorph
28
The form of the fungus producing asexual spores is termed?
anamorph
29
what are three major dimporphic and endemic agents? What are other characteristics of these types? (2)
Coccidioidomycosis Blastomycosis Histoplasmosis 1. thermal dimorphism (exist as yeast at 37C, mold at 25C) 2. confined to geographic location Cause lung diseases
30
What causes Coccidiodes immitus? Tx?
"San Joaquin fever" or Cocciodioidomycosis an infectious disease caused by inhaling arthrospores of fungus the disease starts out as a respiratory illness and pay progress to a persistent infection. Found in southwest US and Latin America. Antifungal meds: amphoteracin B, fluconazole, ketoconazole and itraconazole
31
Blastomycosis caused by? Where is it found? how is it spread? Tx
disease caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis spread by inhalation of airborne candida (microconidia) after disturbance of contaminated soil. Produces granulomatous nodules in lings and respiratory infection. Found in eastern US and central america Tx: itraconazole and amphotericin B
32
Histoplasmosis caused by? Where is it found? Symptoms of disease? Tx?
Disease caused by Histoplasma capsulatum Found throughout the world and is endemic in Missippi and Ohio river valleys. Infection spread by inhalation of microconidia.Found in soil contaminated by bird and bat droppings. Is asymptomatic but may cause granulomatous, tuberculosis like infection. Antifungal meds: amphoteracin B, fluconazole and itraconazole
33
Histoplasma capsulatum produces what?
chlamydospores
34
What does histoplasmosis resemble?
TB infection clinically and pathologically
35
Infected tissues of Histoplasma capsulatum can be found where?
Yeast cells within macrophages
36
Which 2 fungi are rarely acquired from another individual?
Histoplasmosis ad blastomycosis
37
What is the phenotypic morphology of yeast?
Facultative anaerobes singles cells in culture: single, creamy, mucoid
38
What is the phenotypic morphology of mold?
Obligate anaerobes Multicellular, filamentous (hypahe or mycelium) In culture: fuzzy, velvety
39
Aspergillus sp have what kind of hyphae?
Septate hypha
40
Zygomycete sp have what kind of hypae?
Non-septate hypa
41
what is the major structural polymer in fungal cell walls?
chitin
42
List opportunistic fungi (3)
Rhizopus spp Candida spp Aspergillus spp
43
Cutaneous spp
Malassezia furfur epidermophyton spp microsporum spp trichophyton spp
44
Zygomycosis aka mucormycosis thrives in what environment? Who are most at risk? Complication associated? An example of zygomycosis spp
High glucose, acidic environment Diabetics - complication diabetic acidosis Mucor, Rhizopus, Rhizomucor
45
Characteristics of Fungi Gram Prok/Euk Cell membrane Cell wall Capsule (if present) Lab diagnosis
Gram: positive Prok/Euk: Eukaryotic Cell membrane: ergosterol Cell wall: chitin Capsule (if present): polysaccharide coating Lab diagnosis: KOH preparation
46
Fungal reproduction Sexual mating define. List 3 ways of repro. Describe each
Sexual repro in fungi: mating and formation of **spores** 1. Zygospores: single, large spores with thick walls 2. Ascospores: formed in a sac 3. Basidiospores: formed on the tip of a pedestal
47
Fungal Repro Define asexual repro Provide 4 ways of asexual repro
Asexual: budding and formation of conida (asexual spores) 1. arthrospores- formed by fragmenation of the ends of hyphae 2. chlamydospores- rounded thick walled and highly resistant 3. Blastospores- formed by budding process 4. sporangiospores- formed on a stalk within a sac (sporangium)
48
Name 3 Pathogenesis of Fungal Infections. Descibe each
1. Fungal infection : leads to a cell mediated immune response (type IV hypersensitivity) and granuloma formation 2. Mycotoxicosis: induced by ingestion of fungal toxins 3. Allergic response: type I hypersensitivity reactions to inhalation of fungal spores

NBDE 1 (9 decks)

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