Fungi

Question 1

what important role do true fungi play in all ecosystems

Answer 1

nutrient recycling

Question 2

where is one of the most recorded areas for fungi

Answer 2

UK

Question 3

are fungi eukaryotic or prokaryotic

Answer 3

eukaryotic

Question 4

what are fungi individually termed

Answer 4

hyphae

Question 5

what type of growth do fungi exhibit

Answer 5

apical

Question 6

what are mycelium

Answer 6

networks of hyphae

Question 7

how do fungi reproduce

Answer 7

spores (both sexual and asexual)

Question 8

what are bound in the membrane of fungi

Answer 8

nuclei containing several chromosomes

Question 9

what do fungi secrete out of hyphae to absorb soluble nutrients

Answer 9

enzymes

Question 10

how are spores dispersed in fungi

Answer 10

wind
water
animal vectors

Question 11

if there were no constraints, what shape would a fungal colony be

Answer 11

sphere

Question 12

what flows from the centre to the periphery of a fungal colony

Answer 12

nutrients

Question 13

what is an example of a fungal colony

Answer 13

fairy rings

Question 14

what are true fungi

Answer 14

have chiton in the cell walls and all probably have a common ancestor

Question 15

how many phyla of fungi are there

Answer 15

5

Question 16

what are the 2 fungal nutritional life-styles

Answer 16

symbionts

saprotrophs

Question 17

what are the 2 types of symbiont life styles

Answer 17

parasitic

mutualistic

Question 18

what are symbionts

Answer 18

depend on another organism for nutrition

Question 19

what are the 3 types of fungal symbiont lifestyles (specific)

Answer 19

plant parasites
mutualistic symbionts of plants
animal/human parasites

Question 20

what are saprotrophs

Answer 20

utilise dead material for nutrition

Question 21

what is a parasite that causes a disease called

Answer 21

pathogens

Question 22

what are necrotrophic parasites

Answer 22

kill host tissues as part of their feeding process

Question 23

what are bitrophic parasites

Answer 23

feed from living cells without killing them

Question 24

what are the 2 types of plant fungal parasites

Answer 24

necrotrophic

bitrophic

Question 25

what are mutualistic symbiont fungi

Answer 25

gain part of their nutritional needs from the host and relationship is of mutual benefit to both host and parasite

Question 26

identify an example of a mutualistic symbiont fungi

Answer 26

mycorrhizal

Question 27

who are particularly affected by fungal parasites

Answer 27

immunocompromised patients

Question 28

what is an example of a disease caused by a fungal parasite in animals

Answer 28

white-nosed syndrome of bats

Question 29

what is the scientific name for lung infections

Answer 29

cryptococcus

Question 30

what do saprotrophs play a major role in

Answer 30

decomposition of organic matter

Question 31

what are fungi known as due to them relying on degradation of organic matter for nutrients

Answer 31

heterotrophs

Question 32

what is plant pathology

Answer 32

the study of plant diseases

Question 33

identify 3 reasons why plant pathogens are important

Answer 33

reduction in yields ecosystem impacts human health and welfare

Question 34

identify 4 plant pathogens that have been major in history

Answer 34

coffee rust Dutch elm disease Panama disease of banana rice brown spot

Question 35

what happens when a plant is infected with dutch elm disease

Answer 35

vascular wilt due to the fungi blocking the water transport system

Question 36

what was rice brown spot responsible for

Answer 36

bengal famine of 1943

Question 37

what are the 5 phyla of fungi

Answer 37

``` zygomycota basidiomycota ascomycota glomeromycota chytridiomycota ```

Question 38

what phyla are simple organic materials degraded by

Answer 38

ascomycota

Question 39

what phyla are more complex organic materials such as woody materials degraded by

Answer 39

basidiomycota

Question 40

what can white rot fungi degrade

Answer 40

lignified cell walls

Question 41

what can brown rot fungi degrade

Answer 41

cellulose xylans pectins

Question 42

what is the most significant decay problem in the timber industry

Answer 42

brown rot

Question 43

what is the name of the sub-class that is often involved in saprotrophic degredation

Answer 43

agriomycetes

Question 44

what do mycorrhiza fungi show

Answer 44

mutualistic association between plant roots and soil fungi

Question 45

what do mycorrhiza form association with

Answer 45

all groups of plants with the exception of mosses

Question 46

what are the names of the 2 mycorrhiza fungi

Answer 46

arabascular | ectomycorrhizas

Question 47

how long is the life of arabascular mycorrhiza

Answer 47

5-15 days

Question 48

what 3 things do ectomycorrhiza have

Answer 48

fruit body EM tip EM mycelial network

Question 49

what can be effected by mycorrhizal fungi colonising roots

Answer 49

plant growth

Question 50

what do the hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi extend beyond

Answer 50

depletion zones surrounding roots

Question 51

what are mycorrhizal hyphae efficient at

Answer 51

soil exploration | extracting nutrients from the soil

Question 52

what can ectomycorrhizal fungi produce

Answer 52

extracellular protases

Question 53

describe mycoheterotriophic plants

Answer 53

lack chlorophyll and are entirely reliant on mycorrhizal fungi for carbon, nutrients and water