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Tony's lectures > Fungi and disease > Flashcards

Fungi and disease Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

Fungi are not eukaryotic cells with rigid cell walls. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

FALSE

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2
Q

what is the body of the fungus composed of?

A
  • Branching network of filaments (hyphae)
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3
Q

Few fungi cause disease. TRUE OR FLASE?

A

TRUE

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4
Q

what are the different types of fungus infections that can occur and provide an example for each?

A
  • Superficial mycoses e.g hair and nails
  • Systemic mycoses e.g internal organs
  • Subcutaneous mycoses e.g muscles
  • Allergic mycoses e.g sinuses
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5
Q

What percetange mannoproteins makes the cell membrane and wall of fungi?

A
  • 40%
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6
Q

what percentage of chitin makes up the cell membrane and wall of fungi?

A
  • 2%
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7
Q

what are the most common dg target therapy for fungi treatment?

A
  • Cell wall
  • Cell membrane (ergosterol)
  • DNA/RNA sythensis
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8
Q

what are the 5 classes of antifungal drugs?

A

PEAA 5-F

  • Polyenes
  • Echinocandins
  • Azoles
  • Allylamines
  • 5-Flucytosine
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9
Q

describe how each class of antifungal works?

A
  • Polyenes - Bind to ergosterol to form pores
  • Echinocandins - inhibit 1,3 D-glycan synthase
  • Azoles - Inhibit lanosterol 14-a demethylase
  • Allylamines - inhibits squalene epoxidase
  • 5-Flucytosine - inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis
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10
Q

Give an example drug for Azoles and Polyenes?

A
  • Azole (fluconazole)

- Polyenes (amphotericin B)

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11
Q

Azole antifungals inhibit transformation of candida yeast cells into hyphae. true or false?

A

true

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12
Q

Depletion of ergosterol limits the binding of amphotericin and other polyenes. true or false?

A

true

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13
Q

What is imidazole anitfugal used to treat?

A
  • Systemic infections
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14
Q

what are the comon side effects of imidazole?

A
  • Fatal liver toxicity
  • Inhibits testosterone synthesis
  • Interacts with cyclosporin
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15
Q

Fluconazide is well absorbed orally drug and has fewer unwanted side effects. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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16
Q

Itraconazole is not an orally active drug. true or false?

A

False

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17
Q

Itraconazole undergoes extensive metabolsim. TRUE OR FALSE?

A

TRUE

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18
Q

Why is there a need for alternative formulation of Itraconazole?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • It is highly lipophilic
19
Q

what are the side effects of Itraconazole?

20
Q

Fluconazole causes alot of resistance. TRUE OR FALSE?

21
Q

what is the Primary and secondary resistance to fluconazole?

Study These Flashcards
A

primary - C. krusei

Secondary - C. alicans

22
Q

what causes resistance with azoles?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • ALtered lanosterol
  • Increased production of lanosterol
  • production of low affitinity sterols
  • Decreased accumulation of azole in fungal cell
23
Q

Polyene antifugals are natural products from streptomyces. true or false?

24
Q

Polyene antifugals act upon the cell membrane. true or false?

25
Polyene antifugals forms transmembrane ion channels. true or false?
true
26
polyene is not selective for fungi over host cell. true or false?
false
27
Amphoteric B is a poorly absorbed drug when taken orally. true or false?
true
28
what is the main route of admin for Amphoteric B?
- I.V with lipids within liposomes
29
Amphoteric B is not highy protein bound?
False
30
why are there still traces of amphoteric B in urine after 2 month?
It is excreted slowly
31
what are some side effects of amphotericin B?
- Renal toxicity - Chills and fevers due to frequent injections - anaemia and hypokalemia - topical application causes skin rash
32
Liposome encapsulated and lipid complexed preparations causes fewer adverse reactions. TRUE OR FALSE?
TRUE
33
5- Flucocytosine is an orally active drug. true or false?
true
34
what other antifugal drug is given with 5- Flucocytosine?
- Amphotericin B for treatment of systemic infections
35
5- Flucocytosine is converted to 5-fluorouracil in fungi. true or false?
true
36
what are the side effects of 5- Flucocytosine?
- The side effects are rare
37
resistance rises rapidly if 5- Flucocytosine is used alone?
true
38
Echinocandins are naturally occuring hexapeptides. treu ro false?
true
39
What does Echinocandins drugs treat?
- Systemic infections
40
Echinocandins is orally active? TRUE OR FALSE?
- FALSE
41
Allylamines are used effective for the treatment of superficial mycoses. true or false?
true
42
Allylamines are formulated for oral and topical use? true or false?
true
43
Onychomycosis risk factors include diabetes. treu or false?
true

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