FUNGI AND TYPES Flashcards
(49 cards)
Origin of fungi
- Although they were originally classified with
photosynthetic plants, they were separated from these and grouped with the algae and protozoa (protista). - Later, scientists (mycologists) placed fungi in the
Kingdom Mycota
Where were fungi originally classified with
They were classified with photosynthetic plants
WHAT ARE MYCOLOGISTS AND WHY DID THEY CLASSIFY FUNGI IN KINGDOM MYCOTA
Mycologists are scientists who study fungi. They are interested in the taxonomy, morphology, physiology, ecology, and genetics of fungi. Mycologists also study the uses of fungi in medicine, food production, and industry.Fungi were classified in the kingdom Mycota because they share a number of characteristics that distinguish them from other organisms. These characteristics include:
Do fungi lack CHLOROPHYLL
YES
DO FUNGI HAVE CELL WALLS
YES THEY HAVE CELL WALL MADE UP CHITIN MANNAN and B GLUCANS
WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS PRESENT IN CELL WALL OF FUNGI
MANNAN CHITIN and B GLUCANS
wHAT IS GENERALLY THE ABSENT IN THE CELL WALL OF true fungi
CELLULOSE is genrally absent in cell wall of true fungi
In how many broad groups are fungi divided
fungi are divided into two broad groups
In what 2 broad groups are fungi divided
Fungi are divided into
-MICROSCOPIC FUNGI
-MACROSCOPIC FUNGI
wHAT are microscopic fungi
Microscopic fungi are fungi that are too small to be seen with the naked eye eg Moulds and Yeasts
The 2 main GROUPS of microscopic fungi
Microscopic fungi are classified into two main groups:
*Yeasts: Yeasts are single-celled fungi that reproduce by budding. They are often found in food and beverages, and they can also cause infections in humans and animals.
*Molds: Molds are multicellular fungi that form long, thread-like structures called hyphae. They are often found on food and other organic matter, and they can also cause infections in humans and animals.
what are macroscopic fungi
Macroscopic fungi are fungi that are large enough to be seen with the naked eye. They can grow on a variety of substrates, including soil, wood, and food. Some macroscopic fungi are beneficial, while others can be harmful.
some examples of macroscopic fungi
Mushrooms,puffballs,jelly fungi
In what forms can these micro and macro fungi exist
They can exist as unicellular eg yeasts or multicellular forms which has several diffferent cell types
Structural forms of multicellular fungi
Multicellular fungi are primarily filamentous in their
growth form (i.e. their bodies consist of long, slender
filaments /numerous fine branching threads, called
hyphae which together form entangle mass called mycelium
What is HYPHAE
A hypha (plural hyphae) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium.
collection of hyphae is called
A collection of hyphae is called MYCELIUM
FUNCTIONS OF HYPHAE
Hyphae are responsible for the following functions in fungi:
*Absorption of nutrients: Hyphae absorb nutrients from the environment through their cell walls.
*Decomposition: Hyphae break down organic matter, releasing nutrients into the environment.
*Reproduction: Hyphae produce spores, which are the reproductive units of fungi.
*Attachment: Hyphae attach fungi to their substrate.
TYPES OF HYPHAE
There are two main types of hyphae
-SEPTATE
-ASEPTATE/NON SEPTATE/ COENOCYTIC
WHAT IS SEPTATE HYPHAE
- Septate hyphae are made up of long chains of cells joined end-to-end and
divided by cross-walls called septa which have pores.
The septa rarely form a complete barrier, except when they separate the
reproductive cells from vegetative form.
Septate hyphae have septa, which means that the cytoplasm of the hyphae is divided into cells. Septate hyphae are found in most fungi, such as ascomycetes and basidiomycetes.
ANOTHER NAME FOR SEPTATE HYPHAE
It’s also called cellular hyphae or septate mycelium.
What is ASEPTATE/NON SEPTATE/COENOCYTIC
- Aseptate hyphae are continuous or branching filaments (tubes) filled with
cytoplasm and multiple nuclei.
DO ASEPTATE HYPHAE HAVE PORES
YES THEY HAVE PORES CALLED DOLIPORES,
These pores allow for the exchange of nutrients and genetic material between cells. The pores are typically small, but they are large enough for ribosomes, mitochondria, and sometimes nuclei to flow between cells.
The pores in aseptate hyphae are called dolipores. Dolipores are complex structures that consist of a central pore surrounded by a ring of material called the parenthesome
do septate hyphae have pores
YES TheY HAVE , THE pores in septate hyphae are called SEPTAL PORES. Septal pores are typically simple, but they can be complex. Complex septal pores may have a parenthesome, which is a ring of material that surrounds the pore.
The parenthesome is thought to help to regulate the flow of material through the pore
