Fungi,Bacteria,Viruses Flashcards
(33 cards)
In the 19th century __________ showed that microbes made food go bad. He thought that microbes could also cause ______. He was able to show that infectious disease was caused by _____ in hens and ______ in sheep.
Louis Pasteur
Disease
Cholera
Anthrax
Robert Koch was able to prove that diseases such as Tuberculosis were caused by ______. Pure cultures of microbes when injected into healthy animals brought about the _____ Of the disease.
Microbes
Symptoms
What could Koch and Pasteur not even imagine?
That one day not only a particular disease organism would be identified but that we could vaccinate against it and even eradicate it from the world, as in the case of small pox.
True or false (If false explain why)
Bacteria,Fungi and Viruses are all microbes.
True
True or false (If false explain why)
All microbes are extremely harmful.
False, because some are useful and help us make bread,cheese and wine.
What are the microbes which cause disease called?
Pathogens
True or false
Diseases like diabetes are not caused by microbes
True
What are bacteria cells?
Cells that are big enough to be seen under the light microscope.
Where bacteria found?
Everywhere in the soil,air or water.
Bacteria can also live in living organisms. Some are useful, but others can cause disease such as________(3)
Pneumonia
Scarlet fever
Tuberculosis
Differences between a bacterial cell and an animal and plant cell:
- The bacterial cell has a cell wall, but not made of cellulose.
- There is no proper nucleus just a loop of DNA.
- Many of the structures found in other cells such as Mitochondria are missing in bacteria.
- Bacteria often have additional loops of DNA inside their cytoplasm called plasmids.
How can bacteria be grown?
-Binary fission: A colony of bacteria start with just one cell. In the right conditions, the cell divides to give 2 cells,2 cells become 4,4 cells become 8, 8 become 16.
What are the four main phases of bacteria growth?
- Lag Phase
- Log Phase
- Stationary Phase
- Death Phase
What happens in the Lag Phase and Log phase?
- When little growth occurs since the cells are taking up water and starting to make enzymes.
- When the population is increasing rapidly. The population increases by doubling and there is no shortage of food and water.
What happens in the Stationary phase and the Death phase?
- When bacterial cells are dying at the same rate at which they are being produced. This may be because of shortage of food or because waste products are building up.
- When more cells are dying than being produced, so the population declines. Cause of death may be because of lack of food, shortage of oxygen or a build up of toxic waste products.
Bacteria which cause disease can survive harsh conditions such as ____(3). They can rest for a long time like spores. When good conditions return, they germinate and multiply rapidly again.
Heat
Cold
Drought
What are the 3 shapes of bacteria?
Rod(Bacillus)
Spheres(Coccus)
Spirals(Spirillum)
Name 2 diseases cause by Fungi:
Ringworm
Athletes foot
Are fungi plants?
No since they don’t have chlorophyll.
What is the main fungus body called?
Mycelium
What does the mycelium consist of?
A branching network of threads or hyphae.
The hyphae grow over the surface of their food _____. They release enzymes which digest the food outside the fungus. The digested food is then absorbed by the hyphae.
Source
How do Fungi reproduce?
By making spores that can carried to infect another person or animal.
Fungi are visible under the light microscope and the spread of fungal disease increases in poor hygiene ______.
Conditions
