Fungi: general intro

Question 1

Aerial mycelium

Answer 1

Hyphal elements growing above agar surface

Question 2

Anamorph

Answer 2

An asexual state of a fungus

Question 3

Asexual reproduction

Answer 3

Spores (reproductive bodies of fungus) formed directly from vegetative mycelium or specialized hyphae

Question 4

Bud

Answer 4

Young conidium. Used to denote young blastoconidia of yeasts

Question 5

Budding

Answer 5

Asexual multiplication by production of small outgrowth or bud from parent cell

Question 6

Conidiophore

Answer 6

Specialized branch of hypha on which conidia are developed

Question 7

Conidiogenous cell

Answer 7

Cell that forms conidia

Question 8

Conidium (pl. conidia)

Answer 8

Asexual reproductive propagule formed in any manner that doesn’t involve cytoplasmic cleavage; functions as organs of dissemination

Question 9

Biphasic (dimorphic)

Answer 9

Ability of some fungi to grow as either yeast or filamentous stages, depending on conditions

Question 10

Eukaryotes

Answer 10

Organisms possessing a true nucleus (such as fungi) as opposed to prokaryotes, which lack a nuclear membrane

Question 11

Hypha (pl. hyphae)

Answer 11

Single filament of fungus

Question 12

Mold

Answer 12

Term referring to filamentous fungi

Question 13

Macroconidium (pl. macroconidia)

Answer 13

Larger of two different types of conidia produced by a fungus

Question 14

Microconidium (pl. microconidia)

Answer 14

Smaller of two different types of conidia produced by a fungus

Question 15

Mycelium (pl. mycelia)

Answer 15

Mass of hyphae making up the thallus of a fungus

Question 16

Nonseptate

Answer 16

Without septa

Question 17

Pleomorphic

Answer 17

Having more than one form

Question 18

Rhizoids

Answer 18

Root-like structures

Question 19

Sexual reproduction

Answer 19

Zygote/spore formation follows fusion of two haploid nuclei

Question 20

Septum (pl. septa)

Answer 20

Cross wall in hypha

Question 21

Sporangiophore

Answer 21

Specialized hypha that bears a sporangium

Question 22

Sporangium

Answer 22

Sac or cell containing spores produced asexually

Question 23

Spore

Answer 23

Generally the reproductive body of a fungus; occasionally a resistant body for adverse environments

Question 24

Teleomorph

Answer 24

Sexual form of a fungus

Question 25

Thallus

Answer 25

Vegetative body of a fungus

Question 26

Yeast

Answer 26

Pasty or mucoid form of fungal growth; microscopically shows predominance of budding cells

Question 27

Zygospores

Answer 27

Thick-walled sexual spore formed by fusion of two similar gametangia; characteristic of zygomycetes

Question 28

Fungi

Answer 28

Includes yeasts, molds, mushrooms; non-photosynthetic eukaryotes

Question 29

Cultivation

Answer 29

Grow slowly on media (Sabouraud dextrose agar, pH 5.5); tolerate high osmotic pressure; prefer low pH

Question 30

Staining

Answer 30

Lactophenol cotton blue for wet preparation microscopy; methylene blue for gram-staining yeast

Question 31

Identification

Answer 31

Based on morphological features; examined via cultivation and microscopic techniques

Question 32

Dimorphic fungi

Answer 32

Grow as molds at 25℃ on Sabouraud agar; grow as yeasts at 37℃ on enriched media

Question 33

Sexual reproduction

Answer 33

Important for taxonomic classification; involves nuclear fusion followed by meiosis and spore formation

Question 34

Asexual reproduction

Answer 34

Reproduction via conidia or sporangiospores

Question 35

Conidia

Answer 35

Formed on conidiophores during asexual reproduction

Question 36

Sporangiospores

Answer 36

Formed within sporangium, which is borne on an aerial hypha called a sporangiophore

Question 37

Budding

Answer 37

Asexual reproduction in yeasts

Question 38

Fragmentation

Answer 38

Mycelium disruption leads to new colony growth

Question 39

Sporulation

Answer 39

Most important form of asexual reproduction; results in mass production of spores

Question 40

Hyphal growth

Answer 40

Occurs at the thin plastic tip; lateral branching develops where cell wall plasticity exists

Question 41

Morphological forms

Answer 41

Two main fungal forms: molds (multicellular) and yeasts (unicellular)

Question 42

Molds

Answer 42

Grow as branching filaments (hyphae); cylindrical cells attached end to end

Question 43

Yeasts

Answer 43

Oval/spherical unicellular fungi; multiply by budding

Question 44

Ascospore

Answer 44

Sexual spore formed in a saclike structure (ascus, Ascomycetes)

Question 45

Basidiospore

Answer 45

Sexual spore produced on club-shaped basidium (Basidiomycetes)

Question 46

Zygospore

Answer 46

Thick-walled sexual spore formed during reproduction in Zygomycetes

Question 47

Dual naming system

Answer 47

Used for fungi with separate teleomorphic (sexual) and anamorphic (asexual) names