fungi study guide/table

Question 1

histoplasmosis source

Answer 1

nitrogenous soil- bird/bat poop

Question 2

blastomycosis yeast or mold dimorphic

Answer 2

dimorphic mold environment

yeast (thick cell wall) at 37 degreeC

Question 3

coccidiodomycosis geography

Answer 3

american southwest

Question 4

coccidiodomycosis yeast or mold dimorphic

Answer 4

dimorphic- not temperature dependent
mold (arthroconidia)- environment
host- spherules and endospores

Question 5

candidiasis yeast or mold dimorphic

Answer 5

dimorphic exception- yeast in environment- hyphal form in vivo tissues

Question 6

cryptococcosis yeast or mold dimorphic

Answer 6

environment yeast

polysaccharide capsule in host (antiphagocytic)

Question 7

cryptococcosis organ system involved

Answer 7

asymptomatic in lungs, meningitis severe

Question 8

apergillosis yeast or mold dimorphic

Answer 8

filamentous fungi- mold conidia are inhaled and germinate into hyphae
angioinvasive fungus- hyphae invade blood vessels

Question 9

apergillosis diagnosis

Answer 9

grows on agaer- but contamination is common- tissue biopsy can confirm tissue invasion

Question 10

dermatophytosis yeast or mold dimorphic

Answer 10

mold exclusively

Question 11

dermatophytosis organ system involved

Answer 11

restricted to keratinized tissues (skin, hair, and nails)

Question 12

sporotrichosis is also called _____

Answer 12

rose picker’s disease

Question 13

rose picker’s disease source

Answer 13

soil, sphagnum moss, ROSE THORNS, decaying wood and vegetation

Question 14

types of endemic fungi

Answer 14

histoplasmosis
blastomycosis
coccidiodomycosis

Question 15

types of opportunistic fungi

Answer 15

candidiasis
cryptococcosis
apergillosis

Question 16

cutaneous fungi

Answer 16

dermatuphytosis

Question 17

subcutaneous fungi

Answer 17

sporotrichosis (Rose Picker’s disease)

Question 18

fungi make up their own kingdom and are ____ with a defined ____; most are ____ in nature and are acquired from the environment - a few are part of normal human flora

Answer 18

eukaryotes; free-living

Question 19

fungi are mostly ____, a few are _____

Answer 19

strict aerobes; facultative anaerobes

Question 20

fungi cause disease by inducing an ____ or through _____ (some produce toxins)

Answer 20

inflammatory response; direct invasion or destruction of tissues

Question 21

fungal cell membrane consists of ____ while mammalian cell membranes contain ____

Answer 21

ergosterol; cholesterol

Question 22

fungal cell walls are unique with ____; different from cell walls of plants and bacteria

Answer 22

chitin, mannan, and glucan

Question 23

3 major categories of fungi with medical importance

Answer 23

yeast
mold
dimorphic fungi- exists as both mold and yeast

Question 24

difference between yeast and mold

Answer 24

yeast- unicellular, reproduce by budding

mold- multicellular, forms spores

Question 25

molds reproduce asexually by ____ that form on the tips of growing hyphae and sexually thru the development of _____

Answer 25

conidia; spores

Question 26

innate immune system provides protection against fungi; ___ and ____ are primary barrier

Answer 26

intact skin; mucosal surfaces

Question 27

____ compete with fungi and inhibit growth

Answer 27

bacterial normal flora

Question 28

____ is required to eliminate fungal infections

Answer 28

T-cell mediated immunity

Question 29

____ and _____ is primary mechanism for containing fungal infections

Answer 29

phagocytosis; killing by neutrophils

Question 30

immunity to fungal infections is mediated mostly by ____ through the release of cytokines, which activate ____ and _____

Answer 30

T cells; neutrophils and macrophages

Question 31

all systemic infections of ____ are life-threatening and require therapy

Answer 31

candida

Question 32

2 types of treatment for fungal infections

Answer 32

Azoles (Itraconazole) | Polyenes (Amphotericin B)

Question 33

azole (itraconazole) interfere with _____ and are fungistatic

Answer 33

ergosterol synthesis

Question 34

polyenes are ____ and bind to cell wall ____ to form channels

Answer 34

lipophilic; ergosterol