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Fungicides Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

2 types of Mode of Action

A

Topical and Biochemical

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2
Q

Contact Fungicide: Inorganics

A

copper hydroxide

lime-sulfer

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3
Q

Contact Fungicide: Aromatic hyrdocarbons

A

PCNB
ethazole
chloroneb

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4
Q

Contact Fungicide: Chloronitrile

A

Chlorothalonil

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5
Q

Contact Fungicide: Dithiocarbomates

A

mancozeb

thiram

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6
Q

Penetrant Fungicides

A

Toxic effect on the fungus occurs on the inside of

the plant

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7
Q

Localized Penetrant

A

absorbed but not moved

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8
Q

Acropetal Penetrant

A

absorbed and moved through xylem

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9
Q

Systemic Penetrant

A

absorbed into cells (symplastic transport) and

follows the transport of sugars into the phloem

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10
Q

Local Penetrant: Dicarboximides

A

vinclozolin, iprodione

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11
Q

Local Penetrant: Phenylpyrroles

A

fludioxonil

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12
Q

Local Penetrant: Polyoxins

A

polyoxin-D

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13
Q

Local Penetrant: QoI:

A

pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin

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14
Q

Local Penetrant: QiI:

A

cyazofamid

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15
Q

Acropetal Penetrant: - Benzamide

A

fluopicolide

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16
Q

Acropetal Penetrant: Carbamate:

A

propamocarb-HCl

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17
Q

Acropetal Penetrant: DMI:

A

fenarimol, metconazole, myclobutanil,
propiconazole, tebuconazole, triadimefon,
triticonazole

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18
Q

Acropetal Penetrant: MBC:

A

benomyl, thiophanate-methyl

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19
Q

Acropetal Penetrant: Phenylamide

A

metalaxyl, mefenoxam

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20
Q

Acropetal Penetrant: SDHI:

A

boscalid, flutolanil

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21
Q

Acropetal Penetrant: - Qoi

A

azoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin

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22
Q

Systemic Penetrant: Phosphonate:

A

fosetyl aluminum,

phosphonic acid

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23
Q

Biochemical Mode of Action

Study These Flashcards
A

Refers to the toxic effect on the metabolism
of the target pathogen
− Multi-site vs. site-specific toxicants

24
Q

Milti-site Toxin

Study These Flashcards
A
  • affects multiple metabolic sites
    − usually kills fungus and might kill plant
    − contact phytomobility
    − little chance of resistance
25
Site-Specific Toxin
− affects single metabolic site or biochemical target − many fungistatic; stop fungal growth = no kill − penetrant phytomobility − high likelyhood of resistance
26
Fungicide Resistance
A stable, inheritable adjustment by the pest | population to the toxic effects of the pesticide
27
Some fungi are naturally _____
resistant
28
Monogenic resistance
is the result of a change in a single major gene | − resistance development is rapid
29
Polygenic resistance
result of a change in several minor genes | − resistance development is gradual
30
Cross resistance
resistance to more than one type of fungicide is | mediated by the same genetic factors
31
Multiple resistance
individuals or strains in a fungal population are resistant or insensitive to materials in several chemical classes
32
Fungicide Resistance Action Committee
FRAC MOA codes | FRAC resistance Groups
33
Chemical Class: Aromatic hyrdocarbons
chloroneb, ethazole, quintozene | "They Kill Shit"
34
Chemical Class: Benzamides
fluopicolide
35
Chemical Class: Carbamates
propamocarb-HLC | "banol"
36
Chemical Class: Chloronitriles
chlorothalonil | "daconil"
37
Chemical Class: Demethylation inhibitors (DMI)
sterole inhibitors, triazoles fungistat- fungus cant multiply "fenarimol, myclobutanil, metaconazole, propiconazole, triademefon, triticonazole"
38
Chemical Class: Dicarboximides
iprodione, vinclozalin local phytomobility moderate to- high risk of resistance
39
Chemical Class: Dinitro-anilines
fluazinam | contact phytomobility
40
Chemical Class: Dithiocarbamates
mancozeb, maneb, ziram, ferbam, thiram | contact phytomobility
41
Chemical Class: Inorganics
sulfur (M2) - lime sulfur (calcium polysulfate) copper (M1) - copper hydroxide, copper sulfate and lime contact phytomobility
42
Chemical Class: Methyl benzamidazole carbamates
``` benomyl, thiophanate-methyl acropetal phytomobility (first one) ```
43
Chemical Class: Phenylamides
metalaxyl, mefenoxam acropetal phytomobility Pythium control
44
Chemical Class: Phenylpyrroles
fludioxonil stabilized toxin (pyrollnitrin) from bacterium Pseudomonas pyrocinia Local phytomobility
45
Chemical Class: Phosphonates
fosetyl-al and other phosphite salts | systemic phytomobility
46
Chemical Class: Polyoxins
polyoxin-D (one of several polyoxins) antibiotic from Streptomyces cacao var. asoensis Local phytomobility
47
Chemical Class: Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHI)
boscalid, flutalonil, oxycarboxin, penthiopyrad − acropetal phytomobility Carboximides
48
Chemical Class:Quinone inside inhibitors (QiI)
cyazofamid | local phytomobility
49
Chemical Class: Quinone outside inhibitors (QoI)
strobilurins azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, fluoxystrobin − acropetal and local phytomobility − blocks ATP (energy) production
50
Tactics to minimize resistance
– Do not rely on fungicides alone for control! − Rotate materials with different target sites − Mix multi-site and single-site products − Use label specified rates and dilution − Treat uniformly and get good coverage − Treat preventively; use a program approach
51
Fungicide Efficacy
How well the material works
52
Fungicide Use Rates
Preventive (proactive) - low rate | Curative (reactive) - high rate
53
Dilution Rates
Dilute the fungicede!!!!!!!
54
Tank Mixing Pros
``` − Time and labor reductions − Synergy between products − Higher efficacy − Broad spectrum control − Resistance management ```
55
Tank Mixing Cons
− Incompatibility | physical, chemical, phytoxicity
56
What kind of nozzle for the best coverage?
Flat fan nozzles provide the best coverage. Coverage is KEY!!

Pest Management (4 decks)

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