g France Flashcards
Study France for CWE (499 cards)
1
Q
List the 8 Regions of France
A
Clockwise: Bordeaux Loire Valley Champagne Alsace Burgundy (with Chablis) Beaujolais Rhone Valley Provence Languedoc–Roussillon
2
Q
In the 12th century, Bordeaux was brought to England by ____ when ____
A
Eleanor of Aquitaine
she married Henry II
3
Q
Two French monasteries most famous for innovating and enhancing wine are ___ and ___ in ___
A
Benedictine
Cisterianin
in Burgundy and Champagne
4
Q
French monks in the 5th century took a ___ approach to wine
A
scientific
5
Q
English scientist in the 17th century who made sparkling wines possible was ___
A
Christopher Merret
6
Q
The region with France’s longest history of viticulture is ___
A
the South of France
7
Q
Christopher Merret invented ___ and ___
A
glass bottle that can handle pressure
technique for creating the 2nd fermentation in the bottle
8
Q
The first region in France to develop regulations was ___ in ___
A
Châteauneuf–du–Pape in 1920s (1923)
9
Q
The French region that makes Gewürztraminer and Riesling is ___
A
Alsace
10
Q
The French region that uses varietal labeling on top–tier wines is ___
A
Alsace
11
Q
What was the first protected appellation in France?
A
Châteauneuf–du–Pape in 1920s (1923)
12
Q
What are on the 5 sides of France?
A
West – Atlantic Ocean and English Channel North – Low–lying terrain of Belgium/Lux East – Alps of Germany and Switzerland South – Ionian Sea Southwest – Pyrenees and Spain
13
Q
The central highlands of France is called ___
A
Massif Central
14
Q
Massif Central
A
the central highlands of France
15
Q
Name 8 Rivers of France
A
Loire Garonee: Dordogne – Gironde Rhone Rhine Saone Seine
16
Q
The South of France has a ___ climate
A
Mediterranean
17
Q
The South of France has ___ % of the vineyards of France
A
50%
18
Q
Western France has a ___ climate
A
Maritime
19
Q
Central and NE France have a ___ climate
A
Continental
20
Q
The two major geographic features of Alsace are the ___ and the ___
A
Vosages mtns to the west
Rhine River to the east
21
Q
Alsace has a rain shield created by the ___
A
Vosages mountains
22
Q
The Vosages Mountains make Alsace’s climate ___ and ___
A
dryer
warmer
23
Q
A Maritime Climate is generally ___ with ___
A
milder
chilly breezes from an ocean
24
Q
A Maritime Climate has more ___ and ___
A
rain
humidity
25
A Maritime Climate has ___ summers and ___ winters
Cool summers
| Cold winters
26
A Mediterranean Climate is influenced by ___
air currents
27
A Mediterranean Climate generally is __ with ___ in winter
warmer with rain in winter
28
A Mediterranean Climate has __ summers and __ winters.
Dry hot summers
| Cool wet winters
29
A Continental climate has __ summers and __ winters.
Cool summers
| Cold winters
30
Where are most vineyards located when the region has a Continental climate?
In river valleys (e.g. Loire Valley of France) to provide protection and funnel milder weather in from the coast
31
A Continental climate is cool so typically wines are __ acid, ___ body and ___ alcohol
High acid
Light–med body
Low alcohol
32
3 typical grapes from a Continental climate are ___, ___ and ___
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Sauvignon Blanc
33
The climate of Bordeaux is ___
Maritime
34
The climate in the South of France is ___
Mediterranean
35
The five regions in southern France, west to east are ___,___,___,___ and ___
```
Roussillon
Languedoc
Rhone
Provence
Corsica
```
36
The wines from southern France are very ___ World.
New
37
Western France tends to have a ____ climate.
Maritime
38
Bordeaux can make full-bodied wines in a maritime climate because it typically has ___
higher temperatures
39
Bordeaux reds have __ body and __ acid
full
| high
40
Alsace is protected from the Atlantic storms by the ___
Vosges Mountains
41
Alsace is protected from the Atlantic storms so the grapes ___ and wines can be high in __
ripen more
| alcohol
42
The major city in Bordeaux is ___
Bordeaux
43
The major city in western Loire Valley is ___
Nantes
44
The city of Nantes is in ____
Pais Nantes in western Loire Valley
45
The major city in Champagne is ___
Reims
46
The city of Reims is in ____
Champagne
47
The major city in northern Alsace is ___
Strasbourg
48
The city of Strasbourg is in ____
northern Alsace
49
The major city on the opposite shore of the Rhone river from Burgundy is ___
Lyon
50
The city of Lyon is near ____
Burgundy
51
The major city just east of Provence is ___
Nice
52
Nice is near the region of ____
Provence
53
The major city in western Provence is ___
Marseille
54
Marseille is in ____
western Provence
55
The major city between Languedoc-Roussillon and Bordeaux is ___
Toulouse
56
Toulouse is between the regions of ____ and ___
Languedoc-Roussillon
| Bordeaux
57
France's most planted white is ___
Ugni Blanc
58
Ugni Blanc aka ___
Trebbiano
59
Ugni Blanc is used to make ___
brandy (Cognac, Armagnac)
60
France's third most planted grape is ___
Ugni Blanc
61
The white grape of Burgundy is ___
Chardonnay
62
The white grape of Champagne is ___
Chardonnay
63
The 2 white grapes of Bordeaux are ___ and ___
Semillon
| Sauvignon Blanc
64
The white grape of eastern Loire Valley is ___
Sauvignon Blanc
65
Melon de Bourgogne is grown in ___
western Loire Valley
66
The white grape grown exclusively in western Loire Valley is ___
Melon de Bourgogne
67
In France, Semillon is used to make sweet wines in __ and ___
Bordeaux
| southwest France
68
The grape used to make sweet wines in Bordeaux is ___
Semillon
69
True or False
| The region with the most Chardonnay is Champagne.
False
| The region with the most Chardonnay is L-R
70
Chenin Blanc is used to make __ wines.
a wide range of styles
71
In France, Chenin Blanc is grown in the regions of ___ and ___
Anjou-Saumur
| Touraine
72
In France, Muscat is grown mostly in ___
South of France
73
In France, Muscat is mainly used to make __
vins doux naturels (fortified wines)
74
7 White grapes of France and their main regions
```
U Can See Some Monte Carlo Money
Ugni Blanc – everywhere
Chardonnay – Burgundy & Champagne
Sauvignon Blanc – Bordeaux, Loire Valley
Semillon – Bordeaux and Southwest
Melon de Bourgogne – Western Loire Valley
Chenin Blanc – Central Loire Valley
Muscat – South of France
```
75
11 Red Grapes of France and their regions
```
My 2 Cabs Gross So Phew Coins, Guests Can Push More
Merlot – Bordeaux
Cab Sauvignon - Bordeaux
Cab Franc – LV and Bordeaux
Grenache – Rhone
Syrah – North Rhone and L-R
Pinot Noir – Burgundy, Champagne, Alsace, east LV
Carignan – South of France
Gamay – Beaujolais
Cinsaut – South of France
Pinot Meunier – Champagne
Mourvedre – L-R, Provence
```
76
France's most planted grape is the ___
Merlot
77
Merlot covers ___ acres in Bordeaux
170,000
78
In France, Cabernet Sauvignon is closely associated with the region of __
Bordeaux
79
More than half of France's Cab Sauv is grown in ___
Bordeaux
80
Bordeaux grows approx ___% of Frances Cab Sauv
50%
81
The 3 reds most associated with Bordeaux are ___, ___ and ___
Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cab Franc
82
The red associated with the Loire Valley is ___
Cab Franc
83
The 3 reds associated with Rhone are ___, ___ and ___
Grenache
Syrah
Mourvèdre
84
The red associated with the Burgundy is ___
Pinot Noir
85
The 2 reds associated with the Champagne are ___
Pinot Noir
| Pinot Meunier
86
The red associated with the Beaujolais is ___
Gamay
87
The 5 reds associated with South of France/ L-R are ___, ___ and ___
```
Carignan
Cinsaut
Grenache
Syrah
Mourvedre
```
88
The red associated with L-R and Provence is __
Mourvèdre
89
Grenache requires a ___ climate
warm
90
True or False:
| Bordeaux grows approx 50% of the Cabernet Sauvignon in France
TRUE
91
What is the most planted grape in France?
Merlot
92
True or False
| France was the first country with a national system for protecting and restricting the use of place–names for wine
TRUE
93
France's administrator of the wine laws is the ___
Institut National de l'Origine (INAO)
94
In France, the Institut National de l'Origine is the ___
Administrator of France's wine laws.
95
What are the four items controlled by France's wine laws?
Geographic boundaries
Grape varieties
Mandated procedures
Prohibited procedures
96
The three (4) levels of French wine designations, starting with the highest are ___, ___ and ___
AOC
(VDQS)
Vin de Pays or IGP
Vin de Table or Vin de France
97
Vin de Table is the ___ designation for French wine.
lowest
98
Vin de Table is restricted to being made in ___
anywhere in France
99
Vin de Table has restrictions on ___
Only health
safety
commercial
100
Vin de Table makes up about ___ of French wines
1/8
101
Vin de Table is intended to be consumed ___
locally
102
Indication Geographic Protégée (IGP) is the ___ designation of France's wines
middle
103
Indication Geographic Protégée (IGP) was formerly called ___
Vin de Pays (country wine)
104
Indication Geographic Protégée (IGP) is equivalent to the EU level of ___
PGI
105
For IGP, percentage that must be from the region is ___%
85%
106
Indication Geographic Protégée (IGP) has __ major regions and ___ smaller regions.
6 major regions
| 152 smaller regions
107
The 6 largest IGPs are ___
```
IGP des Vignobles
IGP de Pays d'Oc
Val de Loire
Comtés Rhodaniens
Méditerranée
Comté Tolosan
```
108
IGP des Vignobles is the French IGP region covering ___
almost all of France
109
IGP de Pays d'Oc is the French IGP region covering ___
the western Mediterranean coast
110
Val de Loire is the French IGP region covering ___
the Loire Valley
111
Comtés Rhodaniens is the French IGP region covering ___
northern Rhone, Jura and Savoie
112
Méditerranée is the French IGP region covering ___
southeastern France
113
Comté Tolosan is the French IGP region covering ___
southwest France
114
The number of IGPs in France that are departmental is __
52
115
The number of IGPs in France that are small historical/geographic areas is __
90+
116
Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) is equivalent to the EU level of ___
PDO
117
The number of Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) is ___
300+ AOCs
118
Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC) makes up __% of French wine.
50% of French wine
119
Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée translates as __
"Name of Controlled Origin"
120
Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée can be shortened to __
Appellation Contrôlée (AC)
121
List the 5 nesting levels of AOCs.
```
Large IGP
Large AOC
medium AOC
small appellation
single-vineyard
```
122
True or False
| AOCs must be separate and distinct areas
False
| They must be distinct but do not have to be separate. They can be nested
123
The Bordeaux region is located in ___
Southwestern France
124
The Bordeaux region has a ___ climate.
Maritime climate
125
The Bordeaux region has high quality reflected by the fact that is has __% of France's AOCs.
25%
126
The Bordeaux region produces a ___ quantity of wine, approx __ cases.
Large quantity
| 61 million cases
127
The Bordeaux region is the ___ largest producer in the world.
12th
128
The Bordeaux region's output is ___% red
98%
129
The Bordeaux region produces __ reds and ___ whites
long-lived, high quality
| luscious dessert
130
The 2 rivers of Bordeaux are __ and ___ which combine onto the ___
Garonne
Dirdogne
Gironde
131
The maritime climate of Bordeaux is tempered by __
the Landes Forest on the west coast.
132
The three sections of Bordeaux are ___, ___ and ___
Left bank
Right Bank
Entre–Deux–Mers
133
The Left Bank of Bordeaux is located ___
West of the Garonne and Gironde rivers
134
The city of Bordeaux is located in the ___
Left Bank
135
The Left Bank of Bordeaux has 2 regions: ___ and ___
Medoc
| Graves
136
Medoc is located __ of the city of Bordeaux
north
137
Graves is located __ of the city of Bordeaux
south
138
The Left Bank of Bordeaux is famous for growing ___
Cabernet Sauvignon
139
The white varieties from the Left Bank of Bordeaux are ___ and ___
Sauvignon Blanc
| Semillon
140
The whites from the Left Bank of Bordeaux are typically grown in __
Graves
141
The Right Bank of Bordeaux is located __
East and North of the Dordogne and Gironde
142
The Right Bank of Bordeaux includes the city of ___
Libourne
143
Libourne is located in the ___
Right Bank of Bordeaux
144
The Right Bank of Bordeaux is known for growing ___
Merlot
145
Entre–Deux–Mers of Bordeaux is located ___
Between the Garonne and Dordogne rivers
146
Entre–Deux–Mers of Bordeaux is considered to have less flavor because it has ___
more fertile soil
147
Entre–Deux–Mers of Bordeaux produces __ whites from ___ and ___
Dry white
Sauvignon Blanc
Semillon
148
Entre–Deux–Mers' red grape is ___
Merlot
149
The most planted grape in Bordeaux is ___
Merlot
150
The 3 main reds of Bordeaux and their regions are ___, ___ and ___
Merlot - Right Bank, E-D-M
Cab Sauvignon – Left Bank
Cabernet Franc – Left Bank, Right Bank
151
The 3 minor reds of Bordeaux are ___, ___ and ___
Malbec
Petit Verdot
Carmenére
152
The 3 major whites of Bordeaux are ___, ___ and ___
Sauvignon Blanc
Semillon
Muscadelle
153
Muscadelle is blended to add ___
floral notes
154
The 3 minor whites of Bordeaux are ___, ___ and___
Colombard
Ugni Blanc
Merlot Blanc (rare)
155
Claret
British for Bordeaux blends
156
The 5 Bordeaux Styles are __
```
Basic Red (EDM, Merlot)
Right Bank reds (St. E, Merlot)
Left bank reds (Médoc, Cab)
Dry White (Graves, Sauv Blanc)
Sweet white (Sauternes, Semillon)
```
157
The region of Bordeaux that is considered the highest quality is the ___
Left Bank
158
Basic Bordeaux red is made from ___ in ___
Merlot
| EDM
159
Basic Bordeaux red is typically not complex so it is not ___
ageable
160
Right Bank reds typically consist of ___, ___ and ___
Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon
Cab Franc
161
Right Bank reds typically are a majority of ___
Merlot
162
The most famous Right Bank red is from ___
St.-émilion
163
The Right Bank reds are usually not as ____ as the Left Bank reds
firmly structured / tannic
164
The Right Bank reds are ____ and can age for years
tannic
165
Left Bank reds are a majority of ___
Cabernet Sauvignon
166
The world's finest Cabernet Sauvignon are from __
the Left Bank of Bordeaux
167
The most famous Left Bank wine is from ___
Médoc
168
Left Bank reds almost always need ___
aging
169
The primary red in Right Bank blends is __
Merlot
170
Bordeaux dry white is made from a blend of __ and __
Sauvignon Blanc
| Semillon
171
Bordeaux dry whites tend to be __ in acid
high
172
Bordeaux dry whites are mostly from the region of ___
EDM
173
A small amount of Bordeaux dry whites come from ___
Pessac–Léognan in Graves
174
True or False
| A Bordeaux dry white can have some oak
TRUE
175
Bordeaux sweet whites are made in __ on __
Sauternes
| the Left Bank
176
Bordeaux sweet whites are made from ___ and___
Semillon
| Sauv Blanc
177
Bordeaux sweet white are usually sweet because of ___
Botrytis
178
How many AOC appellations does Bordeaux have?
60
179
True or False
| Different styles within a Bordeaux AOC are counted as separate appellations.
TRUE
180
The three largest Bordeaux AOCs are ___, ___ and ___
Bordeaux AOC
Bordeaux Supérieur AOC
Crement de Bordeaux AOC
181
The Bordeaux AOC covers ___
the entire Bordeaux region
182
Bordeaux Supérieur AOC covers __
the entire Bordeaux region, like the Bordeaux AOC but has tighter restrictions
183
Crémant de Bordeaux AOC covers ___
sparkling wines in Bordeaux
184
The largest Bordeaux region is ___
Bordeaux AOC
185
The Bordeaux AOC allows the making of ___
red, white and rosé
186
Bordeaux Supérieur AOC has tighter restrictions than Bordeaux AOC on ___, ___ and___
```
Lower yields
minimum ripeness
minimum alcohol (+0.5%)
```
187
Which 3 regions account for 55% of Bordeaux's production"
Bordeaux AOC
Bordeaux Supérieur AOC
Crement de Bordeaux AOC
188
Bordeaux AOC, Bordeaux Supérieur AOC and Crémant de Bordeaux AOC are usually used when the wines come from ___
an area that does not qualify for a higher appellation.
189
Red grapes from E-D-M are labeled as __
Bordeaux AOC
190
White grapes from Medoc are labeled as __
Bordeaux AOC
191
A new region that recently split off from Graves is ___
Pessac–Léognan
192
Sauternes is a sub-region in ___
Graves
193
Sauternes is famous for ___ wines from ___ and___
sweet botrytis wines
Semillon
Sauvignon Blanc
194
Bordeaux Appellation that combines four non–contiguous regions
Cotes de Bordeaux
195
Cotes de Bordeaux combines ___, ___, ___ and ___
Côtes de Francs
Côtes de Castillon
Premières Côtes de Blaye
Premières Côtes de Bordeaux (Cadillac)
196
Cotes de Bordeaux combines four non–contiguous regions so they can __
have 'Bordeaux' in their name.
197
8 Left Bank – Medoc AOCs
```
N-S
Medoc
Haut–Medoc
St Estèphe
Paullic
St Julien
Listrac–Moulis
MargauxMighty Hercules Eats Peanut butter and Jelly Lunches on Mondays
```
198
The four most esteemed AOCs of the Médoc region are ___, ___, ___ and ___
St Estèphe
Paullic
St Julien
Margaux
199
True or False
| All AOCs in Bordeaux's Left Bank– Medoc AOC are for red wines
TRUE
200
5 Left bank – Graves AOCs
```
N-S
Pessac–Léognan
Graves
Cerons
Barsac
Sauternes
```
201
The Left Bank - Graves AOCs make mostly ___ wines
sweet white
202
The two Left Bank - Graves regions that make dry white and reds are ___ and ___
Graves
| Pessac–Léognan
203
The most famous chateau in Pessac-Léognan is ___
Haut-Brion
204
7 Entre–Deux–Mers AOCs
```
W-E
Cadillac
Entre–Deux–Mers
Graves–de–Vayres
Loupiac
Ste Croix Du Mont
St Macaire
Ste Foy Bordeaux
```
205
E-D-M is known for ___ and ___ wines
Dry white
| sweet white
206
The two E-D-M regions known for dry whites are ___, ___ and___
E-D-M
| Graves-de-Vayres
207
The one E-D-M region allowed to make a red is __
Graves-de-Vayres
208
The 2 Right Bank AOCs furthest north from Libourne are ___ and ___
Côtes de Blaye
| Côtes de Bourg
209
3 Right–bank – Libourne AOC groups
W-E:
Fronsac
Pomerol
St Émilion
210
The Right Bank AOC group of Fronsac consists of the AOCs ___ and ___
W-E:
Fronsac
Canon–Fronsac
211
The Right Bank AOC group of Pomerol consists of the AOCs ___ and ___
W-E:
Pomerol
Lalande–de–Pomerol
212
The Right Bank AOC group of St Émilion consists of these 5 satellites
```
W-E:
St Émilion
Montagne St Émilion
St Georges St Émilion
Lussac St Émilion
Puisseguin St Émilion
```
213
Two famous chateaux of Pomerol are ___ and ___
Petrus
| Gazin
214
Four famous chateaux of St Émilion are ___ and ___
Angelus
Ausone
Cheval Blanc
Pavic
215
The AOCs in Bordeaux's Right Bank– Libourne AOC are known for __
Merlot blends
216
2 Right Bank – Côtes and their wine styles
Cotes de Bordeaux (dry white, red, sweet white)
| Cotes de Bourg (dry white, red)
217
Médoc is on the ___ bank in Bordeaux
Left
218
Médoc has __ communal AOCs
6
219
E-D-M has small regions along the Garonne that make __ and ___
reds
| sweet whites
220
The Right Bank regions that are on par with Médoc are ____ and ___
St. Emilion
Pomerol
221
The top 5 AOCs on the Right Bank are ___
```
Pomerol
Lalande-de-Pomerol
St.-émilion Satellites
Fronsac
Canon-Fronsac
```
222
St.-émilion Grand Cru is the same area as St.-émilion but __
it has tighter restrictions
223
In Bordeaux, 'Chateau' means a ___ or a ___
wine estate
| business making wines
224
Negociants is a business that __
buys juice or wine from growers and blends it under their own label
225
en primeur means __
"in futures"
226
The 'en primeur' practice is important because it __ and ___
Brings cash flow to the chateaux
| creates price breaks for brokers who buy early
227
Crus
growth
228
The original Bordeaux classification of 1855 was based on __ and __
Prestige
| Price
229
True or False
| The first Bordeaux Classification was in 1855.
False
| It was not the first - just the most famous
230
When was the Bordeaux Classification?
1855
231
The Classification of 1855 excluded ___
the Right Bank
232
Bordeaux Classification of 1855 was a list of chateaux by ___
price of the wine
233
Bordeaux Classification of 1855 classified ___ red wines into __ levels
61 red wines
| 5 levels
234
The top two levels of the Bordeaux Classification of 1855 are ____
Premier Cru (first growth)
Second growth
235
Bordeaux Classification of 1855 awarded __ reds Premier Crus
4
236
Bordeaux Classification of 1855 classified ___ sweet wines into __ levels
26 sweet wines
| 3 levels
237
Bordeaux Classification of 1855 awarded __ sweet Premier Cru
1 - Chateau d'Yquem
238
The four red Premier Cru from 1855 are ___, ___, ___ and ___
Haut–Brion
Lafite–Rothschild
Latour
Margaux
239
What is the fifth Bordeaux Grand Cru?
Mouton–Rothschild was elevated in 1973
240
What is the one Bordeaux sweet wine Premier Cru from 1855?
Chateau d'Yquem
241
The one chateau elevated to Premier Cru was ___ in ___
Château Mouton-Rothschild in 1973
242
'Super Seconds' are chateaux that are __
now on par with the Premier Crus – but have not been added to the Premier Cru list.
243
Bordeaux classification are assigned to the ___
chateau, not the vineyard
244
True or False
| In Bordeaux, Chateau holdings can change without impacting the classification.
True since the classification is for the chateau
245
In Bordeaux classification, the ___ is more important than the ___
producer
| terrior
246
True or False
| All Bordeaux regions were included in the Classification of 1855
False
| No Right Bank wines were considered good enough. And only one EDM (Haut–Brion)
247
The one E-D-M region included in the Bordeaux Classification of 1855 was ___
Haut-Brion
248
The 5 Bordeaux classifications are ___
```
1855
Graves
St Émilion Grand Cru Classé
Cru Bourgeois
Cru Artisan
```
249
The Bordeaux Graves Classification has ___ levels of classification
one: Cru Classé (classified growth)
250
The Graves Classification ranked ___ properties
16
251
The Graves Classification ranking was done in ___ and again in ___
1953
| 1959
252
The one wine in both the 1855 Classification and the Graves Classification is ___
Haut-Brion
253
Cru Classé
Classified growth
254
St Émilion Grand Cru Classé is a classification only for wines from the ___ of Bordeaux
St.-émilion region of the right bank
255
The St Émilion Grand Cru Classé was started in ___and is redone every __
1955
| 10 years
256
The St Émilion Grand Cru Classé was restructured in ___
2010
257
The St Émilion Grand Cru Classé has 2 classes: __ and___
Premier Grand Cru Classé
| Grand Cru Classé
258
True or False
| Any Bordeaux winery can obtain St Émilion Grand Cru status
False
They must be Right Bank St-émilion AOC
But other than that all they have to do is meet the viticulture standards.
259
To achieve St Émilion Grand Cru status a grower must ___ and ___
Be in St-émilion AOC
| meet the viticultural standards
260
How many wines have St-Émilion Premier Grand Cru Classé status?
16
261
Name the 4 St Émilion Premier Grand Cru Class A chateaux
Angelus
Ausone
Cheval Blanc
Pavic
262
Cru Bourgeois classification was created to rank the ___
best châteaux in Medoc that had been excluded from the 1855 list
263
Cru Bourgeois classification is for growers from the ___ region
Medoc
264
The Cru Bourgeois classification was started in ___ but then ___
1932
| annulled in 2003
265
In 2008 the Cru Bourgeois became a ___
annual quality assessment - not a classification
266
The Cru Bourgeois is a controlled by a group of 300+ growers called ___
Alliance des Crus Bourgeois de Médoc
267
'Cru Artisan' is a Bordeaux classification for ___
small, family estates
268
The Cru Artisan classification in Bordeaux was started in __ and revived in __
the 19th century
| 2006
269
The Cru Artisan classification in Bordeaux consists of ___ producers
44
270
The Cru Artisan classification in Bordeaux producers are evaluated every __ years by ___
10
| a jury
271
Champagne pressing limitations:
| kilo -> liters -> casks
4,000 kilos yields 2,666 liters for 13 casks
272
Champagne definition of cuvée
first 10 casks (20.5 hL) from the first pressings
273
The only region in Northern Rhone that requires 100% Syrah is ___
Cornas
| The others allow 10–15% white to be blended.
274
What 3 white wines can be blended into reds in Northern Rhone?
Viognier
Marsanne
Roussanne
275
In France, Muscadet wine is made in ___
Loire's Pay Nantais
276
Muscadet wine is made from ___
100% Melon de Bourgogne
277
Muscadet wine gets much of its flavor from being __
Aged sur lie
278
The major red grape of the North Rhone is __
Syrah
279
The major red grape of the South Rhone is ___
Grenache
280
What is the longest river in France?
Loire River
281
The Loire Valley is known for these 3 styles: ___, ___ and ___
Crisp whites
Light Reds
Roses
282
The Loire Valley is unusual in that it has 4 distinct sections each focusing on __
different grape varieties
283
3/4 of the Loire Valley's production of ____ million cases is at the AOC level.
45 million
284
When compared to Bordeaux, Loire Valley has about __ the vineyard area
half
285
The eastern part of the Loire Valley starts in the towns of ___ and ___
Sancerre
| Pouilly–sur–Loire
286
The western part of the Loire Valley ends in the town of ___
Nantes near the Atlantic.
287
4 Regions of the Loire Valley
```
W-E:
Pays Nantais
Anjou–Saumur
Touraine
Upper Loire
```
288
The Loire Valley region follows the Loire River for about ___ miles
300
289
Pays Nantais is the ___-most region of the Loire Valley
western
290
Pays Nantais has ___ terrain
Low lying terrain
291
Pays Nantais has a ___ climate
Maritime
292
Muscadet Region is another name for ___
Pays Nantais region in the Loire Valley.
293
The Anjou–Saumur is located in ___
West–central region of the Loire Valley.
294
Anjou–Saumur has more ___ and ___ than the coastal region.
sunshine
| humidity
295
Anjou–Saumur is known for sweet __ wines
botrytis
296
Touraine is located in the ___
East–central region of Loire Valley
297
Touraine is ___ of Anjou-Saumur
east
298
The Upper Loire is also known as ___ or ___
Eastern Loire
| Pouilly-sur-Loire and Sancerre
299
The Upper Loire has a ___ climate that is ___
Continental
| Moderated by sea breezes
300
The Loire Valley has a ___ climate.
Trick question - it has no single climate.
Pays Nantais - Maritime
Anjou–Saumur and Touraine - warm Maritime
Upper Loire - Continental.
301
The region in France with the most diverse styles of wine is ___
Loire Valley
302
The 3 major white varieties of the Loire Valley are ___, ___ and ___
Melon de Bourgogne
Chenin Blanc
Sauvignon Blanc
303
In France, Melon de Bourgogne is grown only in ____
Pays Nantais region in the Loire Valley.
304
Melon de Bourgogne originated in ___
Burgundy
305
Melon de Bourgogne makes a ___ wine
Light–bodied, crisp
306
Muscadet is made from ___
Melon de Bourgogne
307
Pineau de la Loire is the Loire Valley name for ___
Sauvignon Blanc
308
Sauvignon Blanc can create ___style of wine
any (dry, sweet, sparkling)
309
The 2 best known Loire Valley AOCs for Chenin Blanc are ___ and___
Vouvray - Touraine
| Savennieres - Anjou
310
Vouvray is located in ___ and is known for its ___
Touraine
| Chenin Blanc
311
Savennières is located in ___ and is known for its ___
Anjou
| Sauvignon Blanc
312
Sauvignon Blanc works well with botrytis because it has ___
Thin skin which allows botrytis to work.
313
The primary white grape in the middle Loire Valley is the ___
Chenin Blanc
314
Sauvignon Blanc is best known in the Upper Loire Valley from ___ and ___
Sancerre
| Pouilly–Fumé
315
The 3 minor white grapes of the Loire Valley are ___, ___ and ___
Arbois
Chardonnay
Folle Blanc
316
The 6 Grapes the Loire Valley uses for rosés are ___
```
Cab Franc
Cab Sauv
Pinot Noir
Gamay
Grolleau
Malbec
```
317
Breton
Loire Valley name for Cab Franc
318
Côt
Loire Valley name for Malbec
319
Loire Valley name for Cab Franc is ___
Breton
320
Loire Valley name for Malbec is ___
Côt
321
The Loire Valley creates zesty, light reds because of ___
its cool climate
322
Chinon is located in ___ and is known for reds made from ___
Touraine
| Cab Franc
323
Sancerre is located in ___ and is known for reds made from ___
Eastern Loire
| Pinot Noir
324
Fines Bulles translates to __
"Fine Bubbles"
325
The Loire Valley's marketing name for sparkling wine is ___
Fines Bulles
326
The Loire Valley sparkling is made from ___ using the ___ method.
Chenin Blanc
| Traditional Method
327
True or False
| Loire Valley AOC covers the entire valley.
False
| There is no AOC for the Loire Valley region as a whole.
328
The PGI appellation that covers the entire Loire Valley is ___
IGP du Val de Loire
329
IGP du Val de Loire is one of the __#_ large regional vins de pays in France.
6
330
The only grape in the AOC wines of Pays Nantais is ___
Melon de Bourgogne (Muscadet)
331
The biggest of the 4 AOCs in Pays Nantais is ___
Muscadet AOC
332
75% of Pays Nantais vineyards are __
Melon de Bourgogne
333
True or False
| 'sur lie' can be on the label for Muscadet's AOC wines
True
| Except for the basic appellation of Muscadet AOC
334
'sur lie' can be on the label for Muscadet's AOC wines except for ___
basic appellation of Muscadet AOC
335
True or False
| Muscadet wines age on sue lies for months
TRUE
336
Pays Nantais has 4 AOCs all called ___
Muscadet - something
337
The most famous AOC in Pays Nantais is ___
Muscadet de Sèvre-et-Maine
338
Muscadet de Sèvre-et-Maine accounts for ___ of the production in Pays Nantais
40%
339
Anjou–Saumur is the ___ region of the Loire Valley
western most Central region
340
What 3 grapes is Anjou–Saumur known for?
Cab Franc
Chenin Blanc
Gamay
341
Anjou has three basic appellations for __, ___ and ___
sparkling (Mousseux)
light sparkling (Pétillant)
Gamay
342
Sparkling wine in Anjou is called ___
Mousseux
343
Light sparkling wine in Anjou is called ___
Pétillant
344
The Savennières region of Anjou-Saumur is known for ___
100% Chenin Blanc
345
"The most cerebral wine in the world" is the ___
100% Chenin Blanc from Savennières in Anjou–Saumur
346
The 2 sweet rosé AOCs of Anjou are ___ and ___
Rosé d'Anjou
| Cabernet d'Anjou
347
The dry rosé AOC of Anjou-Saumur is ___
Rosé de Loire
348
The sweet rosé AOC Rosé d'Anjou is made from ___
Grolleau
349
The sweet rosé AOC Cabernet d'Anjou is made from ___
Cab Sauv and Cab Franc
350
The dry rosé AOC of Rosé de Loire is made from ___
at least 30% of Cab Sauv or Cab Franc
351
Anjou is known for ___ sweet wines
botrytis
352
The wine style of the Anjou AOC of Coteaux du Layon is ___
Sweet, botrytis dessert wine
353
Which region is Coteaux du Layon AOC in?
Anjou
354
Name two sub–regions of Coteaux du Layon.
Bonnezeaux AOC
| Quarts–de–Chaume AOC
355
Name the two Anjou styles for sparkling.
Mousseux (sparkling)
| Petillant – lightly sparkling
356
What region was the Loire Valley's first Gran Cru?
Quarts–de–Chaume AOC in Anjou
357
The Loire Valleys first Gran Cru was Quarts–de–Chaume AOC in 2011 in the ___ region for ___
Anjou
| 100% Chenin Blanc
358
The Loire Valleys first Gran Cru was Quarts–de–Chaume AOC is now called ___
Coteaux du Layon Premier Cru Chaume AOC
359
Saumur–Champigny makes spicy red wine from ___
Cab Franc + 10% Cab Sauv
360
Pineau d'Aunis is the Saumur name for ___
Chenin Noir
361
What wine style is Saumur best known for?
Sparkling
362
Saumur Mousseux is the name for the ___ made in Saumur
Brut sparkling
363
Saumur Mousseux uses the ___ method
Traditional
364
Saumur Mousseux is made from ___
Chenin Blanc
365
Saumur Mousseux has a Pétillant version with __ the pressure
half
366
Crémant de Loire AOC is sparkling wine from ___
anywhere in the Loire Valley
367
Most of the grapes used in Crémant de Loire sparkling wine come from ___
the Saumur region (Chenin Blanc)
368
Touraine is located __
east of Anjou-Saumur in the Loire Valley.
369
Vouvray is in the ___ region
Touraine
370
Vouvray is famous for wines made from ___
100% Chenin Blanc.
371
Mont Louis–sur–Loire is in the ___ region
Touraine
372
Mont Louis–sur–Loire is famous for wines made from ___
100% Chenin Blanc.
373
Mont Louis–sur–Loire is across the river from __
Vouvray
374
Two famous Chenin Blancs from Touraine are ___ and ___
Vouvray
| Mont Louis-sur-Loire
375
The three regions in Touraine that make reds are ___, ___ and ___ using mostly ___
Chinon
Bourgueil
St. Nicolas de Bourgueil
Cab Fran
376
The three regions in Touraine that make reds use __ and ___
90% Cab Franc
| 10% Cab Sauv
377
Chinon is in ___ and makes wine from ___
Touraine
| Cab Franc
378
Touraine AOC covers __
the entire region of Touraine
379
Touraine AOC allows __
red, whites and sparklings
380
The 3 common grapes for Touraine AOC are ___, ___ and ___
Sauv Blanc
Gamay
Pinot Noir
381
Touraine Mousseux AOC is for sparkling from ___
all of Touraine.
382
The eastern most vineyards in Touraine are ___
Cheverny
383
Cheverny, in eastern Touraine, is famous for wines made from ___ and ___
Sauvignon Blanc
| Gamay
384
The two most famous AOCs in the Upper Loire region are ___ and ___
Sancerre (west bank)
| Pouilly–Fumé (east bank)
385
Sancerre AOC is known for world-class ___
Sauv Blanc
386
The soil in Sancerre is ___
chalky limestone
387
The chalky soil in Sancerre makes their Sauv Blancs ___
crisp
388
Pouilly–Fumé AOC is known for world-class ___
Sauv Blanc
389
The soil in Pouilly–Fumé AOC is ___
flinty
390
The flinty soil in Pouilly–Fumé makes their Sauv Blanc have a ___
smoky flavor
391
Pouilly–Fumé and Sancerre are known for world-class ___
Sauvignon Blanc
392
The best Sauvignon Blanc in the Loire Valley comes from ___ and ___
Pouilly–Fumé
| Sancerre
393
Menetou-Salon is west of ___ and makes ___
Sancerre
| Sauvignon Blanc
394
Quincy and Reuilly are 30 miles west of ____ and make ___
Sancerre
| Sauvignon Blanc
395
Quincy and Reuilly are on the ___ in the Loire Valley
River Cher
396
How do Pouilly–Fumé AOC and Sancerre AOC differ?
```
Pouilly–Fumé AOC
flinty soil
'smoky' Sauv Blanc
chalky limestone
'crisp' Sauv Blanc
```
397
The Champagne region originally made ___ wines
acidic still white
398
The 2nd fermentation in Champagne began when merchants added sugar to ___
balance the acid
399
The Champagne process was productionized by the ___.
English
400
The annual production of Champagne is __
32 million cases per year
401
Champagne produces ___% of the world's sparkling wine.
18%
402
One of the coldest and the most northerly wine region in France is ___
Champagne
403
In Champagne the summers are __ and the winters __
cool
| quite cold
404
The 5 geographic zones of Champagne are __
```
N-S:
Montagne de Reimes
Vallée de la Marne
Côte des Blancs
Côte de Sézanne
Côte des Bar
```
405
Montagne de Reimes is located ____
in Champagne on a plateau between the Marne river and Reims north of the town of Epernay
406
Vallée de la Marne is located ____
in Champagne along the Marne river west of the town of Epernay
407
Côte des Blancs is located ____
in Champagne on a ridge southwest from Epernay
408
Côte de Sézanne is located ____
in Champagne southwest of Côtes des Blancs
409
Côte des Bar is located ____
in Champagne 60 miles southeast of Epernay
410
What is the soil type in Champagne?
Kimmeridgian clay
411
Kimmeridgian clay is a ___ soil
chalky
412
Kimmeridgian clay is made from ___ and __
shellfish and clay.
413
The Côte des Bar differs from the rest of the Champagne region in that it does not have ___
Kimmeridgian clay
414
Kimmeridgian clay's helps the grapes ripen in cool climates due to its __
high sunlight reflection
415
Kimmeridgian clay soil is a key factor in the ___ region of France
Champagne
416
In France, kimmeridgian clay is found in these three regions: ___, ___ and ___
Champagne
Loire Valley
Burgundy
417
The 3 aspects that make Kimmeridgian clay a good soil for wine are ___, ___ and __
High sunlight reflection
High water retention
High heat retention
418
In France, kimmeridgian clay extends from Champagne all the way to ____
the White Cliffs of Dover
419
The 3 main grape varieties of the Champagne region are ___, ___and ___
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Pinot Meunier
420
Besides the 3 main varieties, what other 4 grapes are also permitted in the Champagne region?
Pinot Blanc
Pinot Gris
Petit Meslier
Arbane
421
In Champagne, Chardonnay is permitted in the 3 areas of ___, ___ and ___
Côte des Blancs
Montagne de Reims
Côte de Sézanne
422
In Champagne, Pinot Noir is permitted in the 3 areas of ___, ___ and ___
Côte des Bar
Montagne de Reims
Vallée de la Marne
423
In Champagne, Pinot Meunier is permitted only in the area of ___
Vallée de la Marne
424
The two regions in Champagne that are only allowed to use Chardonnay are ___ and ___
Côte des Blancs
| Côte de Sézanne
425
The 2 zones in Champagne southeast of Epernay are ___ and ___
Côte des Blancs
| Côte de Sézanne
426
The area in Champagne southeast of Epernay is best for growing __
Chardonnay
427
5 geographic zones of Champagne AOC and their varieties
```
N-S:
Montagne de Reimes – Chard/Pinot Noir
Vallée de la Marne – Pinot Noir & Pinot Meunier
Côte des Blancs – Chardonnay
Côte de Sézanne – Chardonnay
Côte des Bar – Pinot Noir
```
428
Le Nombre d'Or sparkling is __
The champagne from the House of Aubry with all 7 allowed grape varieties in Champagne
429
In Champagne, the grapes are harvested with __ acid and ___ sugar
high
| low
430
In general, how does the crush for sparkling differ from still wines?
The grapes are handled more gently
| e.g. there are 20 different criteria for pressing in Champagne.
431
The limit of grapes per press in the Champagne is ___
1 marc = 4,000 kg
432
A marc is the ___
quantity of grapes allowed in the press in Champagne
433
A marc is equivalent to __
4,000 kg (8,800 lbs)
434
The maximum amount of juice allowed to be extracted from a marc is ___
25.5 hl (675 gallons)
435
The 3 products from the pressing of a marc in Champagne are ___, ___ and ___
```
cuvée = 20.5 hl
taille = 5 hl
rebêche = reside
```
436
In Champagne, the cuvée is the ___
first 20.5 hl of free run from the first press
437
The cuvée from the pressing of a marc is the ___
Champagne term for the first 20.5 hl of free run from the first press
438
The cuvée from the pressing of a marc is rich in ___ and ___
sugar and acids
439
The cuvée from the pressing of a marc is made into __
premium Champagne
440
In Champagne, taille is the ___
5 hl of juice from secondary pressings of a marc
441
In Champagne, taille is used for ___
demi–sec or extra–dry so the sweetness hides any flaws
442
In Champagne, the rebêche is the ___
remaining residue from a pressing
443
In Champagne, the rebêche is used to make ___
spirits and vinegar
444
In Champagne, the wine cannot be bottled until ___
after January 1
445
The 2 minimum aging requirements for Champagne are ___ and ___
12 months sur lees
| 15 months total
446
A 'Vintage' Champagne is a sparkling that has ___
at least 3 years of sur lee aging.
447
Millésime Champagne is __
another name for Vintage Champagne
448
Name the 7 sweetness levels of Champagne from dry to sweet
```
Brut Natural
Extra Brut
Brut
Extra Dry
Dry (Sec)
Demi–sec
Doux
```
449
NV (Non Vintage) makes up ___ of the Champagne production
75%
450
'Sans Dosage' champagne is another name for ___
unsweetened Champagne
| aka Brut Nature
451
True or False
| Champagne wines are classified in the same way that Bordeaux are.
False
| Champagne wines are not classified. Villages are classified.
452
In Champagne, the 'échelle des crus' is the ___
the classifications of the villages
453
In Champagne, the 'échelle des crus' rates each village for ___
the quality of its grapes
454
The three levels of échelle des crus are ___, ___ and ___
Grand Crus = 100%
Premier Cru = 90-99%
other = 80-89%
455
The three levels of échelle des crus' each have how many villages?
Grand Crus - 17 villages
Premier Cru - 44 villages
other - 296 villages
456
The level of échelle des crus is not typically seen on labels because __
most Champagnes are blends from different levels
457
Red wine can be added to sparkling to make a rosé either in the ___ or ___.
cuvée (blend)
| liqueur d'expédition (dosage)
458
True or False
| Champagne labels frequently have the village names.
False
| Most wines from Champagne are blends from several areas so village names are rarely seen on labels.
459
The original intent of the classification scale in Champagne was to ___
set the price factor for each village.
460
The three main players in the production of Champagne are the ___, ___ and ___
Houses
Growers
Cooperatives
461
A traditional Champagne-making property is called a ___
House
462
100 Houses make __ of the Champagne
two-thirds
463
The 100 Houses that make 2/3 of the Champagne only own ___ of the vineyards.
1/10
464
Most of the Champagne Houses get their grapes by ___
buying from independent growers.
465
RM on a Champagne label means ___
the grower made the wine. (Récoltant-Manipulant)
466
If the grower makes their own Champagne, they are known as a ___
Récoltant-Manipulant
467
Récoltant-Manipulant Champagnes are also known as __
"Grower Champagnes"
468
Grower Champagnes are typically either ___ or ___
small, artisanal wines
| top-tier wines from large houses
469
Grower Champagnes make up approximately ___% of the market
25%
470
Two famous Grower Champagnes are __ and __
Krug's Clos de Mesnil
| Bollinger's Vieilles Vignes Françaises
471
List the sparkling appellations in the Champagne region.
Just one - Champagne AOC
472
In Champagne, variations are ___ not ___
styles
| appellations
473
The 2 still wine appellations in Champagne are ___ and ___
Rosé de Riceys
| Coteaux Champenois
474
The still wine AOC that covers most of Champagne is ___
Coteaux Champenois
475
Coteaux Champenois is the AOC that allows ___
still wine over most of the Champagne region
476
The Champagne AOC of Rosé de Riceys makes rosés from ___
Pinot Noir
477
The Champagne AOC of Rosé de Riceys is located ___
at the far south end of the region
478
Alsace is a mix of traditions from __and ___
Germany and France
479
Alsace produces ___ cases annually
10 million cases
480
In Alsace the average holding is small/large.
small
481
Alsace is approx ___ long running between the ___ to the west and ___ to the east.
60 miles
Vosges Mountains
Rhine River
482
What are the two sub–regions of Alsace and where are they located?
Bas–Rhin – to the north, lower elevation
| Haut–Rhin – to the south, higher elevation
483
Alsace has a ___ climate
Cold Continental
484
Alsace has a cold continental climate due to its ___ and __
northerly location
| distance from an ocean
485
Alsace is one of the driest places in France because the ___
rain shadow of the Vosges Mtns block the rain and humidity from the Atlantic
486
The grapes of Alsace ripen better than in Champagne because ___
the Vosges Mtns allow for sunny, dry summers
487
Alsace is known for __
white wines
488
The 4 noble grapes of Alsace are ___
```
G-RPM
Gewurztraminer
Riesling
Pinot Gris
Muscat
```
489
In Alsace, the AOC is given to the ___
variety - not the place
490
In Alsace, the 3 AOC types are ___, ___ and ___
Alsace AOC
Alsace Gran Cru
Crémant d'Alsace
491
The Alsace AOC covers ___ and allows __ varieties
the entire region
| 10 Varieties
492
An Alsace AOC can list the variety if it is ___%
100%
493
Name the 11 varieties of Alsace AOC
```
G-RPM PPinotS Crown A King
Gewuztraminer
Riesling
Pinot Gris
Muscat
Pinot Noir (only red)
Pinot Blanc
Sylvaner
Chasselas
Auxerrois
Klevener de Heilgenstein (Savagnin Rose)
Chardonnay (Crémant only)
```
494
True of False
| In Alsace the name of the grape can be on the label only if it is 100%
TRUE
495
True to False
| In Alsace, the AOC is given to the varietal, not the place.
True
| This is different than in Bordeaux where the winery is given the AOC
496
Alsace has no ___ level.
IGP
497
Alsace Grand Cru AOC is a ___
hierarchy of the vineyards
498
In the Alsace Grand Cru AOC each Grand Cru vineyard is recognized as ___
its own appellation
499
In the Alsace Grand Cru AOC, each Grand Cru vineyard can only grow ___
the 'noble varieties'
