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G-M Flashcards

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1
Q

Oral Glucose INDICATION

A

Altered LOC caused by hypoglycemia

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2
Q

Oral Glucose HOW IT WORKS

A

Provides glucose into bloodstream for cellular metabolism

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3
Q

Oral Glucose CONTRA

A

-no gag reflex
-unable to protect airway

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4
Q

Oral Glucose DOSE

A

25-50g (full tube)

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5
Q

Oral Glucose SIDE EFFECTS

A

Aspiration

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6
Q

Glucagon INDICATION

A

-hypoglycemia (IN/IM)
-beta blocker OD
-Calcium Channel blocker toxicity

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7
Q

Glucagon HOW IT WORKS

A

-Converts stored glycogen in liver to glucose

-improves cardiac contractility including heart rate

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8
Q

Glucagon CONTRA

A

Hypersensitivity to proteins

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9
Q

Glucagon DOSE

A

Low sugar : 1mg IM/IN

CCB or Beta blocker OD: 1mg IV/IO up to 3mg

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10
Q

Glucagon SIDE EFFECTS

A

-nausea and vomiting
-tachycardia

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11
Q

Haldol INDICATION
(Haloperidol)

A

Patient sedation during transport:

*acute psychotic episodes
*severe anxiety and tension
*acute alcohol withdrawal symptoms (DTs)

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12
Q

Haldol HOW IT WORKS
(Haloperidol)

A
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13
Q

Haldol CONTRAINDICATIONS

A

Preexisting coma

Intoxication

Known cardiovascular disease

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14
Q

Haldol. DOSE

A

ADULT:
18+ 5-10 mg IM not to exceed 100 mg in 24 hrs

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15
Q

Haldol. SIDE EFFECTS

A

Extrapyramidal effects AKA dystonic reaction:
*Antidote: diphenhydramine Benadryl 25-50mg IVP
*Tardive dyskinesia
*potentially fatal neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)- SYMPTOM : fever

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16
Q

Heparin INDICATION

A

Prevention of thrombus formation in acute MI

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17
Q

Heparin. HOW IT WORKS

A

Acts at multiple sites in coagulation process

Binds to antithrombin III catalyzing inactivation of thrombin thereby limiting conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and impairing fibrin formation and therefore clot formation

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18
Q

Heparin. CONTRA

A

Active bleeding or bleeding tendencies

Recent major surgery/trauma

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19
Q

Heparin. DOSE

A

IV/IV infusion
ADULT: 5,000 units IV follow with 20k-40k units IV over 24 hrs

PEDI: 100-150 units/kg IV follow with 28 units/kg/hour IV Infusion

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20
Q

Heparin. SIDE EFFECTS

A

Potentially life threatening bleeding

May cause hematologic disorder

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21
Q

Hydroxocobalamin. INDICATION

(Cyanokit)

A

Cyanide Toxicity

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22
Q

Hydroxocobalamin. HOW IT WORKS

A

Vitamin B12 molecule complexed to cobalt: cyanide displaces the cobalt on the molecule, resulting in cyanocobalamin, which is then removed from the body by renal excretion

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23
Q

Hydroxocobalamin CONTRA

A

Absolute : none

Relative: history of anaphylactic reaction to Hydroxocobalamin or cyanocobalamin

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24
Q

Hydroxocobalamin. DOSE

A

5 grams (2 vials) over 15 min

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25
Hydroxocobalamin. SIDE EFFECTS
Flushing Urticaria Itching/rash Chest tightness and day-sneak Transient blood pressure elevation Anaphylaxis Red skin , tears, sweat and urine
26
Ketamine. INDICATION (Ketalar)
-anesthesia prior to RSI -chemical sedation for psych/behavioral issues
27
Ketamine. HOW IT WORKS
Affects catecholaminergic transmission
28
Ketamine. CONTRA
Hypersensitivity
29
Ketamine. DOSE
RSI: 1mg/kg IV may repeat every 5-10 min Sedation: 1mg/kg IV or 4mg/kg IM
30
Ketamine. SIDE EFFECTS
-hypertension -tachycardia -sedation -vomiting -involuntary muscle movement
31
Labetolol. INDICATION (Trandate or Normodyne)
Acute hypertensive crisis with END ORGAN DYSFUNCTION -unstable angina -non q wave MI -abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) -SVT w/ Rapid ventricular response (RVR) -VTACH refractory to lidocaine
32
Labetolol. HOW IT WORKS
Competitively blocks beta adrenergic receptors in heart and blood vessels -lowers heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure -induces vasodilation -reduces peripheral vascular resistance -reduces the rate and force of cardiac contraction Inhibits the actions of catecholamines Decreases A-V conduction
33
Labetolol. CONTRAINDICATIONS
Cocaine or amphetamine OD CHF Hypertension Antidote: Glucagon Positive inotropic action on heart and decreases renal vascular resistance
34
Labetolol. DOSE
ADULT: Hypertensive Crisis: 5-10mg IV, may repeat to total of 20 mg IVP. Add 4 mL Labetolol to 6mL NS. Administer 2.5-5mL of mix/may repeat GOAL: Diastolic BP: 115-130 mmHg Resolve of End Organ Dysfunction S/S
35
Labetolol SIDE EFFECTS
-Bronchospasm -Hypotension AVOID!!!! Hallucinations-Hypnatremia-Hyperkalemia
36
Lasix INDICATION (Furosemide)
Acute Pulmonary Edema
37
Lasix—HOW IT WORKS
diuretic Osmotic gradient
38
Lasix. CONTRAINDICATIONS
-hypersensitivity -Hypovolemia/dehydration
39
Lasix. DOSE
1mg/kg over 2 min If already on Lasix give twice their daily dose
40
Lasix— SIDE EFFECTS
Hypotension Dry mouth Electrolyte imbalance If given too fast, can give hearing loss
41
Levophed (Norepinephrine bitartrate)———— INDICATION
-neurogenic/cardiogenic/septic shock -BP<70 -hemodynamically significant hypotension
42
Levophed——- HOW It wORKS
-vasoconstrictor -andrenergic agonist
43
Levophed—-CONTRAINDICATIONS
Hypovolemia
44
Levophed— DOSE
8-12mcg/min
45
Levophed—SIDE EFFECTS
-hypertension -dysrhythmias -angina -reflex brady -tissue necrosis
46
Lidocaine——INDICATION
Cardiac arrest from VT/VF Maintenance infusion @ROSC associated with VT/VF
47
Lidocaine——HOW IT WORKS
Diastolic depolarization Suppresses PVC’s Increase VF threshold
48
Lidocaine—-CONTRAINDICATIONS
2nd/3rd degree heart block Strokes-Adams syndrome Prophylactic use in AMI
49
Lidocaine—DOSE
Cardiac Arrrest: 1-1.5mg/kg every 5-10min to max 3mg/kg ROSC: 1-4mg/min
50
Lidocaine——SIDE EFFECTS
-light headed -seizures -confusion -blurred vision -hypotension -bradycardia -altered LOC
51
Magnesium Sulfate—-INDICATION
Eclampsia seizure Ventricular dysrhythmias Torsades Digitoxin toxicity Asthma
52
Mag. Sulfate——-HOW IT WORKS
CNS depressant Physiologic calcium channel blocker
53
Mag. Sulfate—CONTRAINDICATIONS
Heart block Myocardial damage
54
Mag. Sulfate—DOSE
Eclampsia,Torsades,Asthma: 1-2g over 10 min Cardiac Arrest: 1-2g IV Push
55
Mag. Sulfate—-SIDE EFFECTS
Diaphoresis. Nausea/vomiting Hypothermia Respiratory depression Facial flush Bradycardia Hypotension
56
Methylprednisolone(Solu Medrol)——-INDICATION
Wheezing refractory to inhaled bronchodilators Status asthmaicus Severe anaphylaxis, in conjunction with epinephrine and diphenhydramine
57
Methylprednisolone(SoluMedrol)—HOW IT WORKS
Potent anti inflammatory steroid
58
Solu Medrol———CONTRAINDICATIONS
Known hypersensitivity to the product and its constituents
59
Solu Medrol——DOSE
60-125mg IV/IO if no contraindications IM in asthma Anaphylaxis BP is too low for IM PEDI: 2 mg/kg
60
Solu Medrol—-SIDE EFFECTS
Hypertension Anaphylactic reactions (RARE) Exacerbation of CHF Seizure
61
Midazolam (versed)——INDICATIONS
-active seizure -status elipticus -sedation prior to cardio version/ pacing
62
Midazolam (versed)—HOW IT WORKS
CNS depressant (amnesia, sedation, relaxation)
63
Midazolam (versed)—CONTRAINDICATIONS
-hypersensitivity -acute narrow angle glaucoma
64
Midazolam(versed)—-DOSE
2.5-5mg may repeat once (IV or IN)
65
Midazolam (versed)—side effects
Respiratory depression Confusion Hypotension Nausea
66
Morphine—INDICATIONS
Pain/anxiety Chest pain unrelieved by NITRO
67
Morphine—-HOW IT WORKS
Alleviates pain Decreased anxiety Vasodilator
68
Morphine——contraindications
BP<90 TBI Respiratory depression
69
Morphine—DOSE
2-4mg q 3-5 mins to hypotension or respiratory depression
70
Morphine——SIDE EFFECTS
Respiratory depression Dizziness Nausea/vomiting Hypotension Bradycardia

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