G1-G4 Flashcards
(51 cards)
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Dualism: The self is composed of two
parts: the body (imperfect, temporary)
and the soul (perfect, eternal).
Socrates and Plato
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Plato’s Three Parts of the Soul:
Rational Soul: Governs reason and
intellect.
●
Spirited
Soul:
Responsible
for
emotions.
● Appetitive Soul: Controls desires and
basic instincts.
The self is both imperfect and immortal. The soul can
achieve immortality through communion
with God.
Augustine and Thomas Aquinas
Man is made of matter
(body) and form (soul), drawing from
Aristotle. The soul gives life to the body
and makes humans distinct.
Thomas Aquinas
●
Cogito Ergo Sum (“I think, therefore I
am”): The mind is the essence of the
self, while the body is just an extension.
The mind defines existence.
Rene Descartes
●
Empiricism: The self is just a collection
of impressions and perceptions. There
is no constant self, only changing
experiences.
David Hume
The
self
is an
accumulation
of
ever-changing
experiences.
Bundle Theory
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The Self as an Organizing Principle:
The mind organizes and synthesizes
experiences.
It
goes
beyond
the
physical
world,
enabling
us
to
experience
both real and abstract
things.
Immanuel Kant
●
Critique of Dualism: Denied the idea of a
non-physical self. The self is a collection
of behaviors, not aseparate mental
entity.
Gilbert Ryle
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Embodied Subjectivity: The self is a
combination of the mind and body,
inseparable and intertwined. The self is
shaped by experiences, thoughts,and
emotions.
Maurice Merleau-Ponty
The self is unique and distinct from
others, even among twins. It is defined
by its:
What is the self
Unique personality and
identity
Distinctness
Self-contained with its
own thoughts and will
Independence
A stable entity that allows
for the study of its traits and tendencies.
Consistency
The self is the central
point of experiences and thoughts
Unitary Nature
The self-processes emotions,
thoughts, and information internally.
Privacy
●
Tarzan Example: Tarzan’s interaction
with animals shaped him into a creature
like them. This shows how the external
world influences the self.
The Self and the External World:
Argues that the
self is not a static entity but shaped by
the social world, constantly evolving through social interactions.
Social Constructivism
●
Culture impacts how individuals viewthemselves. Traditions, values, and
beliefs from family and society shape
one’s identity, and in return, personal
identity influences how one relates to
culture
The Self and Culture
●
Socialization: Individuals learn norms
and values from social interactions (e.g.,family, peers). The social world shapes
the self and, conversely, the self
contributes to the social world byintroducing new behaviors and ideas.
The Self and the Social World
● Focused on role-playing and
understanding others’ perspectives to
shape the self.
Mead
Emphasized that the self is
developed through language acquisition
and dialogue, learning from real-life
interactions
Vygotsky
●
The family plays a crucial role in
shaping the self. Geneticdispositions
from parents influence personality, but
family interactions further develop one’s
sense of self.
Self and Families
●
Gender identity is fluid and subject to
personal discovery. While culture and
society impose certain expectations,
true
self-expressioncomes
from
personal understanding and assertion of gender.
Gender and the Self
