*G12- Tropical Cyclones

Question 1

What is a TC

Answer 1

A low press cell that develops over warm oceans between the tropics

Question 2

How to now about the number of TCs that occur in a year

Answer 2

Letter in the alphabet

Question 3

Where to they form

Answer 3

5S and 30S, 5N and 35N

Question 4

Why don’t they form by the equator

Answer 4

They depend on coriolis force for formation

Question 5

Different names for acts in different areas *3

Answer 5

*NA- hurricane
*Asia- typhoon
*Australia- Willy willies

Question 6

They usually occur on what side of continents

Answer 6

East side where seas are warmed by warm currents

Question 7

TCs move from and to

Answer 7

A region near the equator to the coast of a country

Question 8

What oceans to they form in SH *2

Answer 8

*southern pacific
*indian

Question 9

How to spot one on a map *5

Answer 9

*eye in centre
*name
*low pressure cell
*whatever hpa
*latitude

Question 10

How satellite images show TCs *3

Answer 10

*swirling cloud cover
*cloud free spot in eye
*cumulonimbus

Question 11

Why would a region get TCs other than location

Answer 11

Sea temps- 28*+

Question 12

Time occurring

Answer 12

Late summer

Question 13

What brings flooding

Answer 13

Heavy rains from uplift of warm, moist air (forming cumulonimbus in eyewall)

Question 14

Why do TCs start degenerating when they reach land

Answer 14

No longer supply of hot, humid air to supply energy

Question 15

General characteristics *4

Answer 15

*desructive
*strong winds
*heavy rain
*steep pressure gradient and strong winds

Question 16

Size

Answer 16

600km to 800km

Question 17

Circulation

Answer 17

Clockwise

Question 18

How long do they last

Answer 18

3-8 days

Question 19

ITCZ

Answer 19

Region in tropics where two sets of tropical easterlies converge

Question 20

Eye

Answer 20

The calm at the centre of a TC

Question 21

Latent heat

Answer 21

Hidden heat energy that’s given when WV condenses

Question 22

Adiabatic

Answer 22

Temps change due to change of height and pressure

Question 23

Factors necessary for their formation *6

Answer 23

*hot moist air
*intense LP cell
*coriolis force
*energy source
*wind speeds
*wind direction

Question 24

Factors necessary for formation- hot moist air *2

Answer 24

*develop at ITCZ
over seas 28C+ - atmosphere above water unstable

Question 25

Factors necessary for formation- intense LP cell *3

Answer 25

*hot air rises and forms LP on surface *tropical jet stream intensifies LP on surface *air is sucked into cell

Question 26

Factors necessary for formation- coriolis force *3

Answer 26

*non-existent between 5*N and S - winds don’t deflect into LP *CF causes winds to spiral towards LP *winds - 300km/h

Question 27

Factors necessary for formation- energy source *3

Answer 27

*high humidity to feed *draws energy from evaporation of ocean water + the storm releases latent heat which provides energy to drive it *air more unstable, cb clouds and torrential rain

Question 28

Factors necessary for formation- wind speeds *2

Answer 28

*Low amounts of light variable winds needed *Strong winds prevent formation of vortex and disturb low level distribution of WV

Question 29

Factors necessary for formation- wind direction *2

Answer 29

*east to west *eastern side of continents

Question 30

How does a TC continue to get energy *5

Answer 30

*large scale condensation releases latent heat *energy is provided to sustain cyclone *cbs form and torrential rain falls *air pressure so low in eye that some air is sucked down *calm and cloudless, air warmer due to Adiabatic heating

Question 31

Gale force

Answer 31

Strong winds within a TC

Question 32

Forward left hand quadrant aka

Answer 32

Quarter circle

Question 33

Quarter circle

Answer 33

Area to the left of the storms forward motion

Question 34

Stages of development- pressure *4

Answer 34

S1- low pressure intensifies, above 1000hpa S2- below 1000hpa at centre of low and falling S3- less that 950hpa at centre of low and falling S4- pressure rising

Question 35

Stages of development- wind strength *4

Answer 35

S1- starts spiral ing, already at gale force in quarter circle S2- hurricane strength 30-50km from eye S3- hurricane strength 300km from eye S4- winds slowing down

Question 36

Hurricane strength

Answer 36

150km/h

Question 37

Stages of development- eye development *4

Answer 37

S1- no clear eye S2- eye developing S3- eye fully developed S4- eye disappearing

Question 38

Stages of development- clouds *4

Answer 38

S1- building up in quarter circle S2- in eyewall on both sides of eye S3- cumulonimbus clouded build up to 10km high in eyewall S4- clouds breaking up

Question 39

Stages of development- rain *4

Answer 39

S1- in quatar circle S2- heavy rain in quarter circle S3- torrential rain on both sides of eyewall S4- steady rain, clearing

Question 40

Eyewall

Answer 40

Walls of cumulonimbus cloud that surrounds the eye

Question 41

Short term impacts *5

Answer 41

*homes and buildings destroyed *infrastructure destroyed- emergency services struggle *power lines and water supplies cut *spread of disease from infected water *loss of crops and livestock

Question 42

Long term impacts *2

Answer 42

*contamination of water supplies when sewage systems are destroyed *remove valuable topsoil, large scale soil erosion

Question 43

Stages of development- prediction and warning *2

Answer 43

*International weather agencies should keep a close eye on satellite images *Warn coastal areas to prepare for moving

Question 45

Strategies to help prepare- Preparing the community *2

Answer 45

*authorities and public must be aware of specific actions to take *info and evacuation procedures need to be planned in advance so they know how to prepare

Question 46

Strategies to help prepare- Land use planning

Answer 46

limit development on coastal areas at risk of surges

Question 47

Strategies to help prepare- managing the loss *2

Answer 47

*aid- countries offer aid in cash and technical help *insurance- important management strategy in more developed areas