G5

Question 1

Data are a vital organizational resource that need to be managed like other important
business assets.

Answer 1

Data Resource Management

Question 2

Today’s business enterprises cannot survive or succeed without quality data about their
internal operations and external environment.

Answer 2

Data Resource Management

Question 3

is a managerial activity that applies information systems
technologies like database management, data warehousing, and other data management
tools to the task of managing an organization’s data resources to meet the information
needs of their business stakeholders.

Answer 3

Data Resource Management

Question 4

Types of databases

Answer 4

1. Operational Databases
2. Distributed Databases
3. External Databases
4. Hypermedia Databases

Question 5

store detailed data needed to support the business processes and operations of a
company.

Answer 5

Operational Databases

Question 6

are also called subject area databases (SADB), transaction databases, and
production databases.

Answer 6

Operational Databases

Question 7

Examples are a customer database, human resource database, inventory
database, and other databases containing data generated by business operations.

Answer 7

Operational Databases

Question 8

For example, a human resource database would include data identifying each
employee and his or her time worked, compensation, benefits, performance

Answer 8

Operational Databases

Question 9

Many organizations replicate and distribute copies or parts of databases to network
servers at a variety of sites.

Answer 9

Distributed Databases

Question 10

can reside on network servers on the World Wide
Web, on corporate intranets or extranets, or on other company networks

Answer 10

Distributed Databases

Question 11

Distributed databases may be copies of operational or analytical databases,
hypermedia or discussion databases, or any other type of database.

Answer 11

Distributed Databases

Question 12

Replication and distribution of databases improve database performance at end-
user worksites.

Answer 12

Distributed Databases

Question 13

Ensuring that the data in an organization’s distributed databases are consistently
and concurrently updated is a major challenge of distributed database
management.

Answer 13

Distributed Databases

Question 14

Often, a large database system may be distributed into
smaller databases based on some logical relationship between the data and the
location. For example, a company with several branch operations may distribute
its data so that each branch operation location is also the location of its branch
database. Because multiple databases in a distributed system can be joined
together, each location has control of its local data while all other locations can
access any database in the company if so desired.

Answer 14

Storage requirements:

Question 15

a company distributes its database to multiple
locations, any change to the data in one location must somehow be updated in all
other locations.

Answer 15

Maintenance of data accuracy:

Question 16

This updating can be accomplished in one of two ways:

Answer 16

replication or duplication.

Question 17

Involves using a specialized software application that looks at each
distributed database and then finds the changes made to it.

Answer 17

replication

Question 18

Once these changes have been identified, the replication process makes
all of the distributed databases look the same by making the appropriate
changes to each one.

Answer 18

replication

Question 19

Is very complex and, depending on the number and
size of the distributed databases, can consume a lot of time and computer
resources.

Answer 19

replication

Question 20

is much less complicated.

Answer 20

Duplication

Question 21

identifies one database as a master and then duplicates that database at
a prescribed time after hours so that each distributed location has the same
data.

Answer 21

Duplication

Question 22

s that no changes can ever be
made to any database other than the master to avoid having local changes
overwritten during the duplication process.

Answer 22

Duplication

Question 23

can keep all
distributed locations current with the latest data.

Answer 23

Duplication

Question 24

One additional challenge is the extra computing power and bandwidth necessary
to access multiple databases in multiple locations.

Answer 24

Duplication

Question 25

Websites provide an endless variety of hyperlinked pages of multimedia documents in hypermedia databases for us to access.

Answer 25

External Databases

Question 26

Data are available in the form of statistics on economic and demographic activity from statistical databanks, or we can view or download abstracts or complete copies of hundreds of newspapers, magazines, newsletters, research papers, and other published material and periodicals from bibliographic and full-text databases.

Answer 26

External Databases

Question 27

Whenever we use a search engine like Google or Yahoo to look up something on the Internet, we are using an external database - a very, very large one!

Answer 27

External Databases

Question 28

The rapid growth of Web sites on the Internet and corporate intranets and extranets has dramatically increased the use of databases of hypertext and hypermedia documents.

Answer 28

Hypermedia Databases

Question 29

A Website stores such information in a hypermedia database consisting of hyperlinked pages of multimedia (text, graphic and photographic images, video clips, audio segments, and so on).

Answer 29

Hypermedia Databases

Question 30

That is, from a database management point of view, the set of interconnected multimedia pages on a Website is a database of interrelated hypermedia page elements, rather than interrelated data records.

Answer 30

Hypermedia Databases

Question 31

A data warehouse stores data that have been extracted from the various operational, external, and other databases of an organization.

Answer 31

Data warehousing

Question 32

It is a central source of the data that have been cleaned, transformed, and cataloged so that they can be used by managers and other business professionals for data mining, online analytical processing, and other forms of business analysis, market research, and decision support.

Answer 32

Data warehousing

Question 33

may be subdivided into data marts , which hold subsets of data from the warehouse that focus on specific aspects of a company, such as a department or a business process.

Answer 33

Data warehousing

Question 34

the data in a data warehouse are analyzed to reveal hidden patterns and trends in historical business activity.

Answer 34

Data Mining

Question 35

This analysis can be used to help managers make decisions about strategic changes in business operations to gain competitive advantages in the marketplace.

Answer 35

Data Mining

Question 36

can discover new correlations, patterns, and trends in vast amounts of business data (frequently several terabytes of data) stored in data warehouses.

Answer 36

Data Mining

Question 37

software uses advanced pattern recognition algorithms, as well as a variety of mathematical and statistical techniques, to sift through mountains of data to extract previously unknown strategic business information.

Answer 37

Data Mining

Question 38

many companies use data mining to:

Answer 38

● Perform market-basket analysis to identify new product bundles. ● Find root causes of quality or manufacturing problems. ● Prevent customer attrition and acquire new customers. ● Cross-sell to existing customers. ● Profile customers with more accuracy.

Question 39

To solve the problems encountered with the file processing approach, the database management approach was conceived as the foundation of modern methods for managing organizational data.

Answer 39

Database Management Approach

Question 40

consolidates data records, formerly held in separate files, into databases that can be accessed by many different application programs

Answer 40

Database Management Approach

Question 41

serves as a software interface between users and databases, which helps users easily access the data in a database.

Answer 41

Database Management system

Question 42

involves the use of database management software to control how databases are created, interrogated, and maintained to provide information that end users need.

Answer 42

Database Management

Question 43

For example, customer records and other common types of data are needed for several different applications in banking, such as check processing, automated teller systems, bank credit cards, savings accounts, and installment loan accounting. These data can be consolidated into a common customer database, rather than being kept in separate files for each of those applications.

Answer 43

Database Management Approach

Question 44

is the main software tool of the database management approach because it controls the creation, maintenance, and use of the databases of an organization and its end users.

Answer 44

Database Management System

Question 45

Examples of popular DBMS software are IBM’s DB2 Universal Database, Oracle 10g by Oracle Corp., and MySQL, a popular open-source DBMS.

Answer 45

Database Management System

Question 46

The three major functions of a database management system are:

Answer 46

1. to create new databases and database applications, 2. to maintain the quality of the data in an organization’s databases, and 3. to use the databases of an organization to provide the information that its end users need.

Question 47

straints, and authorization rights. Nonprocedural Access Language and graphical tools to access data without complicated coding

Answer 47

Database Definition

Question 48

Language and graphical tools to access data without complicated coding

Answer 48

Nonprocedural Access

Question 49

Graphical tools to develop menus, data entry forms, and reports

Answer 49

Application Development

Question 50

Language that combine nonprocedural acces with full capabilitics of a pro-

Answer 50

Procedural Language Interface

Question 51

mechanisms to prevcnt interference from simultancous users and recover lost data after a failure.

Answer 51

Transaction processing

Question 52

involves defining and organizing the content, relationships, and structure of the data needed to build a database.

Answer 52

Database development

Question 53

Tools to monitor and improve database performance

Answer 53

Database tuning

Question 54

involves using a DBMS to develop prototypes of queries, forms, reports, and Web pages for a proposed business application.

Answer 54

Database application development

Question 55

involves using transaction processing systems and other tools to add, delete, update, and correct the data in a database.

Answer 55

Database maintenance

Question 56

The primary use of a database by end users involves employing the database interrogation capabilities of a DBMS to access the data in a database to selectively retrieve and display information and produce reports, forms, and other documents.

Answer 56

Database maintenance

Question 57

capability is a major benefit of the database management approach.

Answer 57

Database Interrogation

Question 58

End users can use a DBMS by asking for information from a database using a query feature or a report generator.

Answer 58

Database Interrogation

Question 59

They can receive an immediate response in the form of video displays or printed reports. No difficult programming is required.

Answer 59

Database Interrogation

Question 60

feature lets us easily obtain immediate responses to ad hoc data requests: in a few short inquiries - in some cases, using common sentence structures just like we would use to ask a question.

Answer 60

query language

Question 61

feature allows us to specify a report format for information we want presented as a report.

Answer 61

Report generator

Question 62

is an international standard query language found in many DBMS packages. In most cases, SQL is the language structure used to “ask a question” that the DBMS will retrieve the data to answe

Answer 62

SQL Queries

Question 63

SELECT . . . FROM . . . WHERE . . .

Answer 63

After SELECT, we list the data fields we want retrieved. - After FROM, we list the files or tables from which the data must be retrieved. - After WHERE, we specify conditions that limit the search to only those data records in which we are interested.

Question 64

allows us to refine our searches for specific information such that only the desired information is obtained.

Answer 64

Boolean Logic

Question 65

process is accomplished by transaction processing systems and other end-user applications, with the support of the DBMS.

Answer 65

Database Maintenance

Question 66

Other miscellaneous changes also must be made to update and correct data (e.g., customer or employee name and address changes) to ensure the accuracy of the data in the databases

Answer 66

Database Maintenance

Question 67

End users and information specialists can also employ various utilities provided by a DBMS for database maintenance.

Answer 67

Database Maintenance

Question 68

End users, systems analysts, and other application developers can use the internal 4GL programming language and built-in software development tools provided by many DBMS packages to develop custom application programs.

Answer 68

Application Development

Question 69

Instead, they can include features such as data manipulation language (DML) statements in their software that call on the DBMS to perform necessary data-handling activities.

Answer 69

Application Development

Question 70

DBMS packages play a major role in application development.

Answer 70

Application Development