GAIT

Question 1

Weight Distribution within foot

Answer 1

Posteriorly: medial process of the calcaneal tuberosity
Anteriorly: head of the metarsals

Question 2

Function of foot arches

Answer 2

Shock absorption as the foot strikes the ground
Flexibility to adapt to body weight distrubtion and variable ground surfaces
Propel body during walking, running, jumoing

Question 3

Medial longitudinal arch

Answer 3

Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Three cuneiforms
1-3rd metatarsals

Question 4

Lateral Longitudinal

Answer 4

Calcaneus
cuboid
4th-5th metatarsals

Question 5

Transverse arch

Answer 5

cuboid, 3 cuneiforms
base of metatarsals
(tibialis posterior, fibularis longus)

Question 6

Dynamic Arch Support are supported by

Answer 6

bracing action of the intrinsic foot muscles

Tonic Contraction of extrinsic foot muscles via long tendons in the foot

Question 7

Longitudinal arch muscles

Answer 7

Flexor hallucis longus
Flexor digitorum longus

Question 8

Tran serve arch

Answer 8

tibialis posterior
fibularis longus

Question 9

Roles of Tendons of Tibilalis Posterior
Fibularis Longus

Answer 9

Form a stirrup under the foot which holds up transverse arch

Assist in mointor and control inversion and eversion

Question 10

Windless mechanism

Answer 10

Contraction of plantar-flexor muscles lifts the calcaneus which transfers the bodyweight over the metatarsal heads resulting in extension of metatarsophalangeal joints

Question 11

Pes Cavus (higher arches) that affect windless mechanism

Answer 11

more rigid joints of midfoot, forefoot with less flexibility hence in pronation to spread force

Question 12

Pes Planus (flattened arches) that affect windless mechanism

Answer 12

Medial longitudinal arch is typically supported and reduced extension of MTP limits ability of windless mechanism to occur

Question 13

Stance Phase of Gait 60% of GAIT

Answer 13

begins with heel contact of one foot ends with toe off of the same foot.

Question 14

Double Limb Support?

Answer 14

when both feet are in contact with the ground

Question 15

Single Limb Support?

Answer 15

when only 1 foot is in contact with the ground

Question 16

When does the double limb support become shorter?

Answer 16

when gait speed increases

Question 17

If gait occurs fast enough where double limb support doesn’t occur at all….

Answer 17

running

Question 18

Swing Phase (40%)

Answer 18

when the foot is in the air being advanced forward for the next contact foot

Question 19

Stance Phase 5-phases

Answer 19

Heel contact (pronation)
foot flat
mid stance heel (foot is supinated)
toe off

Question 20

Swing Phase 3 swings

Answer 20

Early swing (plantarflexion to neutral foot)
Mid swing relatively full dorsiflexion
Late Swing

Question 21

Posterior leg muscles involved in gait (supination)

Answer 21

tibialis posterior, FHL, FDL

Question 22

From foot flat to before heel off (stance phase)

Answer 22

Eccentrically to decelerate the dorsi-flexion over the fixed talus

Question 23

Heel off Toe Off Posterior Compartment

Answer 23

Plantar-flexors switch to concentric which assist in neccessry thurst and push off

Question 24

Leg Muscles involved anterior compartment

Answer 24

Most active in early stnace and again swing phase

Question 25

Early stance anterior muscles leg?

Answer 25

eccentrically contract to control rate of planterfelxion. soft landing

Question 26

Swing phase anterior leg muscles?

Answer 26

concetrically contract to dorsifle the ankle nd extend the toes to ensure toes clear the groun