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NPTE > Gait > Flashcards

Gait Flashcards

1
Q

Average degree of toe out

A

7 degrees

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2
Q

Average Cadence

A

110-120 steps per minute

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3
Q

Average step length

A

28 inches

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4
Q

Average stride length

A

56 inches

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5
Q

Average Gait Speed

A

1.4 m/s

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6
Q

Equation for Gait Speed

A

Step Rate x Step Length= Gait Speed

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7
Q

Antalgic Gait

A

protective gait pattern where the stance time on the involved limb is decreased due to pain.
Associated with a rapid swing phase on the uninvolved limb

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8
Q

Ataxic Gait Pattern

A

characterized by staggering or unsteadiness usually with a wide base of support and movements are exaggerated.

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9
Q

Cerebellar Gait

A

similar to ataxic gait but seen in cerebellar disease including wide BOS, unsteadiness, irregular steps and lateral veering.

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10
Q

Circumduction

A

Characterized by a circular motion to advance the leg during swing phase this may be used to compensate for insufficient hip or knee flexion or dorsiflexion

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11
Q

Double step

A

a gait pattern in which alternate steps are of a different length or rate

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12
Q

Equine

A

high steps, excessive activity of gascronemeus

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13
Q

Festinating Gait

A

pt walks on toes a though pushed. Starts slowly increases and may continue until pt grabs an object in order to stop
Common in pD

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14
Q

Hemiplegic Gait

A

pt abducts the paralyzed limb, swings it out and around and brings it forward so the foot comes in contact with the ground in front of them

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15
Q

Spastic Gait

A

stiff movement, toes seeming to catch and drag: legs are held together hips and knee joints are slightly flexed
Common: spastic paraplegia and spastic diplegia CP

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16
Q

Steppage Gait

A

feet and toes are lifted through hip and knee flexion to excessive heights. Usually secondary to DF weakness.
Foot slap at IC and decreased control

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17
Q

Tabetic Gait

A

High stepping ataxic gait pattern; where foot slap is heard

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18
Q

Trendelenburg

A

denotes glute medius weakness; excessive lateral trunk flexion and weight shifting over the stance limb

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19
Q

Vaulting

A

swing leg advances by compensating through a combination of elevation over the pelvis and PF

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20
Q

Foot Slap

A

DF Weakness
DF Paralysis

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21
Q

Toe down instead of heel strike

A

PF contracture
PF spasticity
Weak DF
DF paralysis
Leg length Discrepancy
Heel pain

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22
Q

Clawing of Toes

A

Toe Flexor Spasticity
Positive support Reflex

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23
Q

No Toe off

A

Weak PF
Weak Toe flexors
Insufficient PF ROM
Forefoot toe pain

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24
Q

Heel lift during midstance

A

Insufficient DF ROM
PF spasticity

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25
Q

Exaggerated Knee Flexion at IC

A

Weak Quads
Paralysis of Quads
Hamsting Spasticity
Insufficient Extension ROM

26
Q

Hyperextension in Stance

A

PF Contracture
Compensation for Weak Quads

27
Q

Exaggerated knee flexion at Terminal Stance

A

Knee Flexion Contracture
Hip Flexion Contracture

28
Q

Insufficient Flexion with Swing

A

Knee Effusion
Quad Extension Spasticity
PF Spasticity
Insufficient Knee Flexor ROM

29
Q

Excessive Flexion with Swing

A

Flexor withdrawal Synergy
LE flexor synergy

30
Q

Insufficient Hip Flexion at IC

A

Weak hip flexors
Hip flexor paralysis
Hip Extensor spasticity
Insufficient Hip Flexion ROM

31
Q

Insufficient Hip Extension at Stance

A

Insufficient hip extension ROM
Hip flexor contracture
LE Flexor Synergy

32
Q

Circumduction during swing

A

Compensation for weak hip flexors
Compensation for weak hamstrings
Compensation for weak DF

33
Q

Hip Hike During Swing

A

Compensation for weak DF
Compensation for weak Hamstrings
Compensations for extensor synergy

34
Q

Exaggerated hip flexion during swing

A

LE flexor synergy
Compensation for insufficient DF ROM

35
Q

Peak Muscle Activity For Ankle DF

A

Loading Response- Eccentric Control

36
Q

Peak Muscle Activity for Ankle PF

A

Terminal Stance- Concentric

37
Q

Peak Muscle Activity Knee Extensors

A

Loading Response- Eccentric

38
Q

Peak Muscle Activity Knee Flexors

A

Terminal Swing- Eccentric

39
Q

Peak Muscle Activity Hip Flexors

A

Pre Swing and Initial Swing- Concentric

40
Q

Peak Muscle Activity Hip Extensors

A

Loading Response- Concentric

41
Q

Initial Contact

A

Heel Contact

42
Q

Loading Response

A

Heel Rocker
Controlled knee flexion
Pelvic Stability

43
Q

Midstance

A

Pelvic stability
Ankle Rocker (tibial advancement)

44
Q

Terminal Stance

A

Forefoot Rocker
Hip Extension to 10 deg

45
Q

Pre-swing

A

Rapid ankle PF
Passive knee flexion

46
Q

Initial Swing

A

Peak Knee flexion to 60 deg

47
Q

Mid Swing

A

Peak Hip Flexion to 30
Ankle DF to Neutral

48
Q

Terminal Swing

A

Knee Extension to Neutral

49
Q

ROM required for Hip Flexion

A

0-30

50
Q

ROM required for Hip Extension

A

0-10

51
Q

ROM required for Knee Flexion

A

0-60

52
Q

ROM required for Knee Extension

A

0

53
Q

ROM required for Ankle DF

A

0-10

54
Q

ROM required for Ankle PF

A

0-20

55
Q

What phases of gait are in weight acceptance

A

Initial contact
loading response

56
Q

What phases of gait are in single limb support

A

mid stance
Terminal stance

57
Q

What phases of gait are in swing limb advancement

A

pre swing
initial swing
mid swing
terminal swing

58
Q

Which motion is most responsible for producing a rigid lever used in the toe off phase of gait?
-Supination
-Pronation
-DF
-Inversion

A

supination

During supination, the calcaneus inverts, the head of the talus is pushed down and out, and relative to the calcaneus, the talus adducts and plantar flexes the subtalar joint. This motion provides a rigid lever used especially in the toe off phase of gait.

59
Q

Which of the following muscles would most likely contribute to hip hiking?

A

quadratus lumborum

The origin and insertion of the quadratus lumborum allow the muscle to hike the hip. The muscle originates on the iliolumbar ligament and the iliac crest. The muscle inserts on the inferior border of the last rib and the transverse processes of the upper four lumbar vertebrae. Hip hiking is a compensatory response for weak hip and knee flexors, or extensor spasticity commonly seen in the swing phase.

60
Q

A patient who presents with a toe-in gait pattern as would most likely exhibit:

A

excessive femoral anteversion

Toe-in gait, or pigeon-toed gait, is typically caused by a structural malalignment as opposed to muscular asymmetry. The typical bony malalignment associated with an in-toeing gait pattern is femoral anteversion or medial tibial torsion.

61
Q

A patient who presents with a toe-out gait pattern would most likely exhibit

A

excessive femoral retroversion

62
Q

Wadding (myopathic gait)

A

exaggerated lateral trunk movements and hip elevation caused by glute weakness
Common in Muscular Dystrophy

NPTE (9 decks)

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