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Movement Science > Gait > Flashcards

Gait Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Normal Gait Speed

A

1.4 m/s

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2
Q

Define Gait Cycle/Stride

A

Heel contact to ipsilateral heel contact

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3
Q

Stance Phase

A

The first 60% of the gait cycle during normal walking speed
From heel contact to toe off
Limb is in contact with the ground supporting body weight

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4
Q

Swing Phase

A

The last 40% of the gait cycle in normal walking speed
From toe off to contralateral heel contact
Foot off ground and advancing forward

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5
Q

Traditional Subdivisions of Gait

A

Heel Contact
Foot Flat
Midstance
Heel Off/Rise
Push Off
Toe Off

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6
Q

Primary positive power generator for gait

A

Ankle Plantarflexors

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7
Q

Secondary positive power generator for gait

A

Hip flexors

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8
Q

Heel contact

A

Instant the heel contacts the ground

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9
Q

Foot flat

A

Entire plantar surface of the foot contacts the ground

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10
Q

Mid-Stance

A

Body weight directly over supporting limb

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11
Q

Frontal Plane Critical Event

A

Pelvic Stability

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12
Q

Heel Off/Rise

A

Heel lifts off the ground (30-40% gait cycle)

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13
Q

Push Off

A

40-60% gait cycle
Active ankle plantarflexion

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14
Q

Push Off

A

40-60% gait cycle
Active ankle plantarflexion

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15
Q

Toe Off

A

At 60% gait cycle
Toes leave the ground

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16
Q

8 Rancho Los Amigos Gait Phases

A

Initial Contact
Loading Response
Mid-Stance
Terminal Stance
Pre-Swing
Initial Swing
Mid-Swing
Terminal Swing

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17
Q

Initial Contact

A

Heel contacts the ground
0% gait cycle

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18
Q

Loading Response

A

Initial contact to opposite toe off, weight is rapidly transferred onto stance limb
0-12% gait cycle

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19
Q

Mid-Stance RLA

A

Opposite Toe off to Heel Rise
12-31% of gait cycle

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20
Q

Terminal Stance

A

Heel Rise to Contralateral Initial Contact
31 - 50%

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21
Q

Pre Swing

A

Opposite initial contact to toe off
50 - 62%

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22
Q

Early Swing

A

Toe off to mid-swing
60 - 75%

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23
Q

Mid-Swing

A

Roughly when swing knee passes stance knee
75 - 85%

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24
Q

Late Swing

A

End of Mid Swing to Heel Contact
85 - 100%

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25
3 Functional Tasks of Gait
Weight Acceptance Single Limb Support Swing Limb Advancement
26
Weight Acceptance Includes What Phases?
Initial Contact and Loading Response
27
Single Limb Support Includes What Phases?
Mid-Stance and Terminal Stance
28
Swing Limb Advancement Includes What Phases?
Pre-Swing Initial Swing Mid-Swing Terminal Swing
29
Critical Event of Initial Contact
Heel first contact
30
Critical Events of Loading Response
Controlled Knee Flexion Heel Rocker Hip/Pelvic Stability
31
Critical Events of Mid - Stance
Hip/Pelvic Stability Ankle Rocker
32
Critical Events of Terminal Stance
Forefoot rocker ( & heel rise w/ 60 degrees extension @ MCP joints) Hip Extension 10-20 degrees
33
Critical Events Pre-Swing
Rapid ankle plantar flexion Passive knee flexion
34
Critical Event of Initial Swing
Peak Knee Flexion 60 degrees
35
Critical Events of Mid-Swing
Peak Hip Flexion 30 degrees Ankle dorsiflexion to neutral
36
Critical Event of Terminal Swing
Knee Extension to Neutral
37
External Demand @ Hip in Weight Acceptance
Peak Flexion Adduction
38
External Demand @ Hip in Single Limb Support
Flexion to Peak Extension Peak Adduction
39
External Demand @ Hip in Swing Limb Advancement
Pre- to Initial Swing: Extension & adduction Mid- to Terminal Swing: Flexion
40
External Demand @ Knee in Weight Acceptance
Peak, Rapid Extension to Peak Flexion
41
External Demand @ Knee in Single Limb Support
Flexion to Extension
42
External Demand @ Knee in Swing Limb Advancement
Passive Flexion from ankle plantarflexion Extension in Terminal Swing
43
External Demand @ Ankle in Weight Acceptance
Peak Plantarflexion
44
External Demand @ Ankle in Single Limb Support
Peak Dorsiflexion at end
45
External Demand @ Ankle in Swing Limb Advancement
Dorsiflexion
46
Maximal Muscle Activity of Ankle Dorsiflexors
During Early Loading Response Type: Eccentric
47
Maximal Muscle Activity of Ankle Plantarflexors
During Terminal Stance Type: Eccentric
48
Maximal Activity of Knee Extensors
During Loading Response Type: Eccentric
49
Maximal Activity of Knee Flexors
During Teminal Swing** *to control knee movement/avoid hyperextension* Type: mostly Eccentric (SemiTend Concentric and Biceps Short is not really active)
50
Maximal Muscle Activity Hip Extensors
During Loading Response Type: Isometric
51
Maximal Muscle Activity Hip Flexors
During Pre-Swing and Initial Swing Type: Concentric
52
Average Adult Step Rate/Cadence
115 steps/minute
53
Average Adult Foot Progression Angle
10 - 14 degrees
54
T or F: The Pelvis Moves in All Three Cardinal Planes During Gait
True!
55
What to look for when identifying pelvic kinematics in gait?
Rotation Anteroposterior Tilt Lateral Tilt Lateral Shift SYMMETRY
56
Normal Rotation Pelvic Kinematics
3 - 4 degrees of L and R in each direction Rotate away from stance limb Loading Response Rotate toward stance limb Mid-Stance through Terminal Stance Rotate Away from Swing Limb in Swing Phase
57
Normal Anteroposterior Tilt Pelvic Kinematics
2 - 4 degrees each direction (pretty minimal) Posterior Tilt: Loading Response, Terminal Stance to Initial Swing, Terminal Swing into Loading Response Anterior Tilt: during Mid-Stance and Mid-Swing
58
Normal Lateral Tilt in Pelvic Kinematics Gait
5 - 7 degrees from horizontal Total of 10 -15 degrees total up and down *>5 degree drop is trendelenburg*
59
Normal Lateral Shift Pelvic Gait Kinematics
2 - 3 inches *view from posterior*
60
Describe Initial Heel Contact
Beginning of new gait cycle, heel contacts ground
61
Describe Heel Rocker
Ankle joint segement hinges at the heel Controlled plantarflexion occurs
62
Describe Controlled Knee Flexion
to 15 degrees
63
Describe Hip/Pelvic Stability CE
Frontal Plane: slight controlled pelvic drop Saggital: controlled hip flexion
64
Describe Ankle Rocker
Controlled tibial advancement @ talocrural joint via exxentric plantarflexors
65
Describe Forefoot Rocker
MTP joint to 60 degrees extension
66
Describe Hip Extension 10 - 20 degrees
Should reach trailing limb posture
67
Describe Rapid Ankle Plantar Flexion
This is important as it is the pre-swing power generator
68
Describe Passive Knee Flexion
Knee Flexion should reach 60 degrees Happens as a result of Rapid Ankle Plantar Flexion
69
Describe Hip Flexion in Swing Limb Advancement
Should reach 30 degrees
70
Ankle Dorisflexion in Swing Limb Advancement
To neutral
71
Describe Knee Extension in Swing Limb Advancement
Should reach Neutral
72
What 8 subsystems are pre-requisites to locomotion at Individual Level
Pattern Generation Articular Differentiation Postural Control (visual, somatosensory, vestib) Tonus control Extensory Strength Body Constraints/Ability Motivation
73
How does gait change/look different in a child?
Wider BOS Arms at high gaurd Short step and stride length Decreased hip extension in trailing limb @ terminal stance Decreased initial flexion wave at swing Foot Flat at Initial Contact Decreased DF during mid/terminal swing

Movement Science (3 decks)

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