Gait 3 Flashcards
There are __________ and __________ forces acting on the body during ambulation.
INTERNAL
+
EXTERNAL
What 2 types of energy do Internal Forces include?
MUSCLE energy
and
ELASTIC energy
What do External Forces include? (4)
GRAVITY \+ MOMENTUM \+ INERTIA \+ GROUND REACTION FORCE (GRF)
Inertia describes an object’s _____________ to change in motion (or lack of motion). ____________ describes how much motion it has.
RESISTANCE
+
MOMENTUM
Name the most important external force, that pushes up against the plantar surface?
GROUND REACTION FORCE (GRF)
Axis is the imaginary line ___________ which movement takes place.
AROUND
Plane is the imaginary line _________ which movement takes place.
ALONG
Where should normal shoe wear occur?
POSTERIOR LATERAL SIDE OF HEEL
What will excessive lower limb pronation cause at the knee (in extreme cases)?
MEDIAL COLLAPSE
________-_____ control of the lower extremity is the basis for prescribing specialized footwear to control pronation.
GROUND-UP CONTROL
_____-________ control of pronation focuses on strengthening hip lateral rotators and adductors.
TOP-DOWN CONTROL
Name the 2 main phases each lower limb undergoes as we walk?
- STANCE PHASE 60% of cycle, foot is on ground
(part of phase both feet on ground, called double support) - SWING PHASE - when foot in the air is “swinging”
Name the 4 stance sub-phases?
- INITIAL CONTACT
- LOADING RESPONSE
- DURING MIDSTANCE, SINGLE LIMB SUPPORT
- TERMINAL STANCE, HEEL RISE, PUSH OFF
When late stance is considered, the GRF tends to ___________ the ankle.
DORSIFLEX
If GRF causes movement in a “desired” direction, then muscle function is generally one of control, braking, shock absorption - ie, _____________ contraction
ECCENTRIC
