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Clin Med I > Gait > Flashcards

Gait Flashcards

1
Q

Displacement of COG vertically during gait

A

2 cm
Highest during mid stance
Lowest during loading response

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2
Q

Displacement of COG laterally during gait

A

4 cm total (2 each way)

Greatest during single limb stance

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3
Q

Where is COG?

A

2 cm anterior to S2

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4
Q

BWV during standing (passive/ static stability)

A

Posterior to hip
Anterior to knee
Anterior to ankle

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5
Q

“Passenger Unit” of gait

A 
HAT
Head
Arms
Trunk
70% of body weight
**Dominates body vector alignment
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6
Q

“Locomotor Unit” of gait

A

Two lower limbs and pelvis

11 articulations

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7
Q

Toe out

A

Angle formed by intersection of foot’s lien of progression and the line from the center of the heel through the 2nd metatarsal
Normal = 7 degrees
Females > Males
New walkers

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8
Q

Step Length

A

Linear distance between point of initial contact of one foot to the same point of initial contact on the opposite foot
Named for which foot is put forward

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9
Q

Stride Length

A

Linear distance between point of initial contact of the ipsilateral heel
Normal = 1-5 ft

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10
Q

Stride Duration

A

Amount of time required to accomplish one stride (2 steps)

Average = 1-2 seconds

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11
Q

Cadence

A

Number of steps per minute

Normal = 90-120 steps/minute

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12
Q

Velocity

A

Distance per minute

Normal = 80 m/min = 3mph

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13
Q

Initial Contact

A

Exact moment when foot just touches floor

Objective: Position limb for stance

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14
Q

Loading Response

A 
Begins with initial contact and continues until the other foot is lifted for swing
Objectives:
1. Shock absorption
2. Weight transfer to forward limb
3. Preservation of progression
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15
Q

Mid Stance

A

Begins just after opposite foot is lifted and continues until body weight is aligned over stance forefoot
Objectives:
1. Progression over stationary foot
2. Limb/ trunk stability

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16
Q

Terminal Stance

A

Begins with heel rise of the stance limb, continues until opposite foot strikes ground
Objective: Progression beyond supporting foot

17
Q

Pre Swing

A

*Final phase of stance
Begins with initial contact of opposite limb, ends with ipsilateral toe off
Objective: Position of limb for swing, weight is shifted to opposite leg

18
Q

Initial Swing

A

Begins with lift off of foot and ends when swinging foot is opposite stance foot
Objectives:
1. Clear foot of floor
2. Advance limb from trailing position

19
Q

Mid Swing

A

Begins as swinging limb is opposite stance limb, ends when swinging limb is forward and tibia is vertical
Objectives:
1. Limb advancement
2. Foot clearance from ground

20
Q

Terminal Swing

A

Begins with tibia vertical, ends when foot strikes floor (IC)
Objectives:
1. Complete limb advancement
2. Prepare limb for stance

21
Q

2 mechanisms of energy conservation in gait

A
  1. Minimizing excursion of COG (pelvic motion and combining knee and ankle motion)
  2. Selective muscle control (try to maximize passive momentum vs. active muscle action)
22
Q

Objective of IC

A

Position limb for stance

23
Q

Objective of loading response

A

Shock absorption
Weight transfer to forward limb
Preservation of progression

24
Q

Objective of midstance

A

Progression over stationary foot

Limb/ trunk stability

25
Q

Objective of terminal stance

A

Progression of body beyond stationary foot

26
Q

Objective of pre-swing

A

Position limb for swing (weight shift to other limb)

27
Q

Objective of Initial Swing

A

Clear foot of floor

Advance limb from trailing position

28
Q

Objective of Mid-Swing

A

Limb advancement

Foot clearance from floor

29
Q

Objective of Terminal Swing

A

Complete limb advancement

Prepare limb for stance

30
Q

Ankle Rocker Phase

A

Mid-Stance

31
Q

Forefoot Rocker Phase

A

Late Terminal stance, when axis of motion has reached MT heads

32
Q

Heel Rocker Phase

A

Loading Response

33
Q

5 Prerequisites of normal gait

A
  1. Stability in stance
  2. Adequate clearance in swing
  3. Pre-position for initial contact
  4. Adequate step length
  5. Energy conservation
34
Q

Most critical phase for gluts

A

Loading Response

Compensation for weak gluts: shorter steps (less hip flexion to counteract)

35
Q

Maximum anterior pelvic tilt

A

Initial Contact

36
Q

Maximum posterior pelvic tilt

A

Preswing/ toe off

37
Q

When does pelvic tilt (anterior to posterior) reverse?

A

During midstance and midswing

38
Q

Sub-Talar joint motion during LR - Mid Stance

A

Calcaneus everts
Mid-tarsal joint unlocks –> pronation (shock absorption)
Posterior tib fires eccentrically to lower talus
Tibia internally rotates

39
Q

Sub-Talar joint motion during Terminal Stance

A

Calcaneal inversion
Mid-tarsal joint locks –> supination (stability for propulsion)
Posterior tib fires concentrically (PF)
Tibia externally rotates

Clin Med I (5 decks)

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