Gait

Question 1

Where is the trunk throughout the gait cycle?

Answer 1

erect neutral

Question 2

Where is the pelvis during Initial swing?

Answer 2

backward rotation 4-5deg

Question 3

Where is the hip during Initial swing?

Answer 3

flexion (20deg)

neutral abd and add

Question 4

Where is the knee during Initial swing?

Answer 4

flexion 60deg

Question 5

Where is the ankle during Initial swing?

Answer 5

PF 10deg

Question 6

Where are the toes during Initial swing?

Answer 6

neutral

Question 7

Where is the pelvis during midswing swing?

Answer 7

neutral

Question 8

Where is the hip during midswing swing?

Answer 8

flexion 20-30 deg

Question 9

Where is the knee during midswing swing?

Answer 9

flexion 60 deg to 30deg felxion

Question 10

Where is the ankle during midswing swing?

Answer 10

neutral

Question 11

Where are the toes during midswing swing?

Answer 11

neutral

Question 12

Where is the pelvis during terminal swing?

Answer 12

forward rotation 4-5deg

Question 13

Where is the hip during terminal swing?

Answer 13

hip flex 30 deg

Question 14

Where is the knee during terminal swing?

Answer 14

extension to 0deg

Question 15

Where is the ankle during terminal swing?

Answer 15

neutral

Question 16

Where are the toes during terminal swing?

Answer 16

neutral

Question 17

Where is the pelvis during initial contact?

Answer 17

maintains forward rotation

Question 18

Where is the hip during initial contact?

Answer 18

flex 30deg

Question 19

Where is the knee during initial contact?

Answer 19

full ext

Question 20

Where is the ankle during initial contact?

Answer 20

neutral heel first

Question 21

Where are the toes during initial contact?

Answer 21

neutral

Question 22

Where is the pelvis during loading response?

Answer 22

less forward rotation

Question 23

Where is the hip during loading response?

Answer 23

hip flex 30deg

Question 24

Where is the knee during loading response?

Answer 24

flexion 15deg

Question 25

Where is the ankle during loading response?

Answer 25

PF 15deg

Question 26

Where are the toes during loading response?

Answer 26

neutral

Question 27

Where is the pelvis during midstance?

Answer 27

neutral

Question 28

Where is the hip during midstance?

Answer 28

extending to neutral

Question 29

Where is the knee during midstance?

Answer 29

extending to neutral

Question 30

Where is the ankle during midstance?

Answer 30

from PF to 10 deg DF

Question 31

Where are the toes during midstance?

Answer 31

neutral

Question 32

Where is the pelvis during terminal stance?

Answer 32

backward rotation 4-5deg

Question 33

Where is the hip during terminal stance?

Answer 33

ext 10 deg

Question 34

Where is the knee during terminal stance?

Answer 34

full extension

Question 35

Where is the ankle during terminal stance?

Answer 35

neutral w/ tibia stable and heel off prior to initial contact opposite foot

Question 36

Where are the toes during terminal stance?

Answer 36

neutral IP | hyperextension of MP

Question 37

Where is the pelvis during pre-swing?

Answer 37

backward rotation 4-5deg

Question 38

Where is the hip during pre-swing?

Answer 38

neutral extension

Question 39

Where is the knee during pre-swing?

Answer 39

flexion 35deg

Question 40

Where is the ankle during pre-swing?

Answer 40

PF 20 deg

Question 41

Where are the toes during pre-swing?

Answer 41

neutral IP | extended MP

Question 42

ROM requirements for hip flexion

Answer 42

0-30deg

Question 43

ROM requirements for hip extension

Answer 43

0-10 deg

Question 44

ROM requirements for knee flexion

Answer 44

0-60deg

Question 45

ROM requirements for knee extension

Answer 45

0 deg

Question 46

ROM requirements for ankle PF

Answer 46

0-20 deg

Question 47

ROM requirements for ankle DF

Answer 47

0-10

Question 48

muscle activity during initial contact

Answer 48

concentric DF concentric quads Eccentric hamstrings eccentric hip extensors and abductors

Question 49

muscle activity during loading response

Answer 49

eccentric ankle DF --> eccentric PF eccentric tip post controls pronation eccentric quadriceps --> concentric quadriceps concentric hip extensors

Question 50

muscle activity during midstance

Answer 50

eccentric PF min knee (slightly concentric knee ext) eccentric hip abductors eccentric iliopsoas

Question 51

muscle activity during terminal stance

Answer 51

concentric PF eccentric hip absuctors eccentric iliopsoas

Question 52

muscle activity during pre-swing

Answer 52

concentric PF concentric hamstring concentric hip flexion

Question 53

muscle activity during initial swing

Answer 53

concentric DF concentric hamstring concentric hip flexion

Question 54

muscle activity during midswing

Answer 54

concentric DF | min knee and hip (b/c momentum)

Question 55

muscle activity during terminal swing

Answer 55

``` concentric DF concentric ankle inv concentric quad eccentric hamstrings eccentric hip ext ```

Question 56

Antalgic gait

Answer 56

stand time is decreased to avoid WB rapid and shorter swing phase on uninvolved leg

Question 57

causes of antalgic gait

Answer 57

jt inflammation disease injuries

Question 58

equine gait

Answer 58

high steps on toes

Question 59

double step gait

Answer 59

alternate steps are of different length or rate

Question 60

Causes of foot slap

Answer 60

weak DF | DF paralysis

Question 61

Causes of toe down instead of heel strike

Answer 61

``` PF spasticity PF contracture weak DF DF paralysis leg length discrepancy hindfoot pain ```

Question 62

Causes of clawing toes

Answer 62

toe flex spasticity | positive supporting reflex

Question 63

Causes of heel lift during midstance

Answer 63

insufficient DF ROM | PF spasticity

Question 64

Causes of no toe off

Answer 64

forefoot/ toe pain weak PF weak toe flex insufficient PF ROM

Question 65

Causes of exaggerate knee flex at contact

Answer 65

weak quads quads paralysis hamstring spasticity insufficient extension ROM

Question 66

Causes of hyperextension in stance

Answer 66

compensation for weak quads | PF contracture

Question 67

Causes of exaggerated knee flex at terminal stance

Answer 67

knee flex contracture | hip flex contracture

Question 68

Causes of insufficient flex w/ swing

Answer 68

knee effusion quad ext spasticity PF spasticity insufficient flexion ROM

Question 69

Causes of excessive flexion w/ swing

Answer 69

flex withdrawal reflex | LE flexor synergy

Question 70

Causes of insufficient hip flex @ initial contact

Answer 70

weak hip flex hip flex paralysis hip ext spasticity insufficient hip flex ROM

Question 71

Causes of insufficient hip ext at stance

Answer 71

insufficient hip ext ROM hip flexion contracture LE flex synergy

Question 72

Causes of circumduction during swing

Answer 72

comp for weak hip flex comp for weak DF comp for weak hamstrings

Question 73

Causes of hip hiking during swing

Answer 73

comp for weak DF comp for weak knee flex comp for ext synergy pattern

Question 74

Causes of exaggerated hip flexion during swing

Answer 74

LE flexor synergy | Comp for insufficient ankle DF