gait Flashcards
what is gait?
what systems interact?
what are the 5 atrributes of a normal gait?
the mechanism by which the body is transported using coordinated movemnt of lower limb joints
MSK and neurological in energy efficient way
- stability in stance
- clearing the floor in swing
- pre positioning for initial contact
- adequate step length
- energy conserved
what is 1 gait cycle ?
what are the 2 main phases in the gait cycle?
in normal walking gait what % do they make up of 1 gait cycle?
decribes the period of time from initial contact to next inital contact of same leg
stance and swing
stance = foot on floor = 60%
swing = foot in air = 40%
what features of the gait cycle constitute to walking?
what features of the gait cycle constitute to running?
double support inbetween swing and stance (both feet in contact at the same time)
swing is longer than stance (usually stance is longer thans wing) nd you have a double float - both feet not in contact with floor
what are the stages of the stance phase?
- initial contact - heel strikes floor
- loading response - weight onto foot
- mid stance - flat foot
- terminal stance - heel starts to come off
- pre swing - toe off
what are the satges of the swing phase?
- initial swing
- mid swing
- terminal swing
what is the definition of stride?
what is the definition of step?
what is the definition of cadence?
distance between inital contact of same foot
distance from initial contact of opposite feet (1/2 stride) = 1 step
number of steps per minute
what decribes the motion of gait?
what describes the things that cause motion of gait?
kinematics (velocity, angles)
kinetics (forces)
what is the 3 rockers of stance phase?
plantar - dorsi - plantarflexsion of ankle
what produces the force to create gait kinetics?
what type of contractions are there?
what muscles are working on initial contact ?
what muscles work in toe off?
muscles
concentric (shortening) - power generation
eccentric (lengthening) - power absorption
isometric (same length) - stability
anterior compartment - tibialis anterior
posterior compartment - gastrocnemius and soleus
how does normal gait conserve energy?
- minimise movement away from centre of gravity
- control momentum
- transfer energy between body segments (arm swing)
- phasic muscle action
what is an antalgic gait?
what is it caused by?
hoe are the phases changed?
where is the stick used?
a limp
painful leg
short stance pahse on affected leg, short swing on unaffected leg
in opposite hand to affected leg
what is the trendelenberg gait?
what causes it?
what side drops?
what side does torso swing?
what does it look like if the problem is bilateral
when there is a pelvis drop
hip adductor weakness from pain, neurlogical damage or trauma
unaffected side drops
to affected side
waddling
what is hemiplegic gait ?
causes?
what movement of affected leg occurs?
why?
when one side of body doesnt work that well
hemi brain injury e.g. stroke, cerebral palsy, trauma
circumduction
the affected leg is in fixed extension so has to circumduct rather than bend
what is a diplegic gait ?
causes?
where is the initial contact on the foot?
why?
what muscles are tight?
when an induvidual walks with a narrow gait, knees bent in
neuromuscular disorder e.g. cerebral palsy
forefoot
ankles are plantar flexed
gastrocnemius, psoas, adductors, hamstrings
what is a high steppage gait?
causes?
what does it look like?
when the foot drops
sciatica, neuromuscular disorders, - nerve shit
toes hang down, hip flexsion on affected side, foot slaps downnn
