Gait

Question 1

What are the phases in normal gait?

Answer 1

Stance Phase and Swing phase

Question 2

What is the stance phase?

Answer 2

When the foot is on the ground

Question 3

What percentage of time is spent in stance phase?

Answer 3

60%

Question 4

What is swing phase?

Answer 4

when the foot is moving forward

Question 5

What percentage of time is spent in swing phase?

Answer 5

40%

Question 6

Which phase is used more in gait?

Answer 6

Stance phase

Question 7

First step of stance phase

Answer 7

Heel strike/initial contact

Question 8

Second step of stance phase

Answer 8

Foot flat/loading: (most of the weight shifted to that leg)

Question 9

Third step of stance phase

Answer 9

Midstance/Midstance: (weight shifts forward)

Question 10

Fourth step of stance phase

Answer 10

Push off or Toe off/terminal stance

Question 11

First step of swing phase

Answer 11

Acceleration/initial swing

Question 12

Second step of swing phase

Answer 12

Midswing/Midswing

Question 13

Third step of swing phase

Answer 13

Deceleration/terminal swing

Question 14

What is double stance

Answer 14

Just standing on both feet

Question 15

How does loading occur when a person has a problem sensing their foot

Answer 15

Ankle or knee is collapsing

Question 16

How does midstance occur when a person has a problem sensing their foot

Answer 16

Looking at shoes

Question 17

How does the terminal phase occur when a person has a problem sensing their foot

Answer 17

Foot drop is an issue

Question 18

How does midswing occur when a person has a problem sensing their foot

Answer 18

They are not able to clear the foot

Question 19

How does deceleration occur when a person has a problem sensing their foot

Answer 19

Proprioception, sensory

Question 20

The knee should be flexed for all aspects of the stance phase EXCEPT

Answer 20

Heel strike

Question 21

What position should the knee be in during the stance phase (not including heel strike)

Answer 21

Flexion

Question 22

What do the pelvis and trunk do during gait

Answer 22

Shift laterally toward the weight bearing side; it creates a fulcrum

Question 23

The average length of a step (toe to heel) is what

Answer 23

15 inches

Question 24

When would there be a difference to the average length of a step (normally it is 15 inches) and what is the change

Answer 24

Decreases with age, pain, fear, or fatigue

Question 25

What is the average adult cadence?

Answer 25

90-120 steps per minute (100 calories a mile)

Question 26

What does the pelvis do during the swing phase?

Answer 26

Rotates forward about 40% and the opposite pelvis is a fulcrum instead of using the muscles

Question 27

What is propulsive or festinating gait?

Answer 27

Stooped, rigid posture & the head and neck are bent forward Flexed, stiffened arms held away from body Fingers extended Knees and hips stiffly bent

Question 28

What happens during ambulation of propulsive or festinating gait?

Answer 28

Forward shifting of the body's COG & consequent impairment of balance, causing increasingly rapid, short, shuffling steps, involuntary acceleration (festination) & lack of control over forward motion (propulsion) or backward motion

Question 29

What are examples of propulsive or festinating

Answer 29

Common in Parkinson's and poisoning or drugs

Question 30

What can you do with propulsive gait?

Answer 30

Assist with ambulation (help with safety, gait belt, railings) Instruct family and pt on safety Provide & train w/ ADL equipment Refer to PT as needed

Question 31

What is scissoring gait?

Answer 31

Results from bilateral spastic paresis (diplegia), scissor gait affects both leg & has little or no effect on the arms

Question 32

Describe scissoring gait

Answer 32

Patient's legs flex slightly at the hips and knees Looks as if they're crouching With each step, the thighs adduct and knees hit/cross in a scissor like movement

Question 33

What are the steps of scissoring gait like?

Answer 33

Short, regular, and laborious | May walk on toes or on the balls of his feet and may scrape toes on the cround

Question 34

What is scissoring gait common in?

Answer 34

Spinal injury (low) or tumors, CP, MS

Question 35

What would we do with it? Can we change it?

Answer 35

Cannot change it; do safety with ambulation and ADLs