GAIT Cycle

Question 1

Cycle of movements in walking is usually divided into two phases:

Answer 1

Stance and Swing

Question 2

Stance Phase is shorter or longer and what percentage?

Answer 2

60%

Question 3

Swing Phase is shorter or longer and what percentage?

Answer 3

40%

Question 4

Double support cycle occurs in what percentage of walking?

Answer 4

10%

Question 5

Walking Cycle includes

Answer 5

Heel Strike
Full foot or foot flat
Mid-stance
Heel-off
Toe-off
Acceleration
Mid-swing
Deceleration

Question 6

Stance phase is from Heel Strike to

Answer 6

Toe-off

Question 7

Swing Phase is from Toe-off to

Answer 7

Heel Strike

Question 8

Average walking cadence is

Answer 8

120 steps/min

Question 9

Each full cycle is how many seconds?

Answer 9

1 second

Question 10

Double support occurs 10% of time but decreases as speed increases or increases as speed decreases?

Answer 10

Decreases as speed increases

Question 11

With increasing speed, stance and swing will eventually become

Answer 11

The same length

Question 12

Running has period of

Answer 12

No support

Question 13

Note which one has the right order:
A. Heel Strike Mid-Stance Decelaration Acceleration
B. Heel-off Toe-off Mid-Swing Heel Strike

Answer 13

B.

Question 14

Factors Affecting Normal Gait

Answer 14

Individual Characteristics: Habit, Weight, Posture
Fitness: if fit, gait is springy; if weak or tired, gait may alter
Speed
Gender
Ground Condition/Friction
Footwear
Clothing

Question 15

Elements of Normal Gait

Answer 15

Proper Alignment: Head erect, Shoulders Level, Trunk Vertical
Reciprocal Arm Swing–arms travel same distance but alternate
Equal Stride Length
Synchronized timing
Body undergoes vertical oscillations that are definite and have even tempo
When one leg is forward, the opposite arm moves forward as well
Trunk and Upper extremity rotate in opposite directions
Stance should be longer than swing

Question 16

Movement of the Centre of Gravity has the Highest and Lowest Peak when

Answer 16

Highest Peak occurs during Single Limb Support
Lowest Peak occurs during Double Stance

Question 17

Stance Phase, name 5 descriptions:

Answer 17

Begins at Heel Strike
Leading leg prepares to receive the body weight transferred from the trailing leg
Hip and Knee extensors work to stabilize leg
Hip Abductors and Adductors stabilize the pelvis
Hip Extends until Heel Rises, then Hip and Knee Flex

Question 18

Swing Phase, describe 4 things during this phase:

Answer 18

After toe-off, trailing leg is lifted from the ground and starts to swing forward
Hip flexors start the swing
Leg swings like pendulum
Swinging leg carries pelvis forward on that side (so pelvis on that side is facing anteromedially). Femur must rotate laterally so toes will point ahead.

Question 19

Supination is the combination of (“in”)

Answer 19

Inversion of the Calcaneus
Adduction of the Forefoot and
This is when you can only see the Big Toes

Question 20

Pronation is the combination of

Answer 20

Eversion of the Calcaneus
Abduction of the Forefoot and
This is when you can see the Little Toes

Question 21

What is the cause of Antalgic Gait?

Answer 21

Pain in a Weight-bearing Joint

Question 22

What are the clinical finding in an Antalgic Gait?

Answer 22

Decreased stance to reduce pain or keep off leg as much as possible

Question 23

What is the cause of Arthrogenic Gait?

Answer 23

Stiffness in joint

Question 24

What are the clinical findings in an Arthogenic Gait?

Answer 24

Lack of motion may be compensated by other joints
Hip hiking
Circumduction of Hip
Excessive Plantarflexion of ankle

Question 25

What is the cause of Trendelenburg Gait?

Answer 25

Weakness of Gluteus Medius or Unstable Hip

Question 26

What are the clinical findings in the Trendelenburg Gait?

Answer 26

Weakness of Gluteus Medius causes dropping of pelvis on unsupported side so patient's trunk sways over affected side (If patient has weakness of Gluteus Medius on the right, when he stands on his right leg, the pelvis will drop on the left side and his trunk will sway over the right side.)

Question 27

What is the cause of Ataxic Gait?

Answer 27

Cerebellar Problem: Loss of balance and Coordination

Question 28

What is the cause of Slapping Gait/ Foot Drop Gait

Answer 28

Weakness of Tibialis Anterior

Question 28

What are the clinical findings in the Ataxic Gait?

Answer 28

Jerky Wide Base and Poor Balance

Question 29

What are the clinical findings in the Slapping Gait or Foot Drop Gait?

Answer 29

Knee is lifter higher than normal and foot slaps ground

Question 30

What is the cause of Parkinson Gait?

Answer 30

Parkinson's Disease

Question 31

What are the clinical findings in the Parkinson Gait?

Answer 31

Shuffling Gait, Difficulty starting and stopping, Flexed Posture

Question 32

What are the clinical findings in the Spastic or Scissor Gait?

Answer 32

Knees rub and great effort is required to bring legs forward

Question 33

What is the cause of Spastic or Scissor Gait?

Answer 33

Overactivity of adductors, extensors and internal rotators of Hip

Question 34

What is the cause of Waddling Gait?

Answer 34

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Question 35

What are the clinic findings in the of Waddling

Answer 35

General weakness of supporting muscles of pelvis--trunk thrown from side to side

Question 36

What are the clinical findings when a person has the Complete Vision Loss Gait?

Answer 36

Lean back until foot on ground before shifting weight forward

Question 37

What are the clinical findings when a person has an Artificial Limb?

Answer 37

Use hip to extend knee and lock it if above knee amp.

Question 38

Concerning the Trendelenburg Gait, and the right side is affected? When you stand on the _________ side, the ___________ side of the pelvis drops and the trunk sways over the ________ side.

Answer 38

Right Left Right

Question 39

Which muscles work most of the time throughout stance and swing to prevent slapping foot?

Answer 39

Dorsiflexors

Question 40

Which muscles work at ankle at push off to propel body forward?

Answer 40

Plantarflexors

Question 41

Which muscles prevent stiff knee contact at heel strike?

Answer 41

Hamstrings

Question 42

Which muscles work throughout much of swing phase to bring hip forward?

Answer 42

Hip Flexors

Question 43

Which muscles prevent knee from buckling during weightbearing?

Answer 43

Quadriceps

Question 44

Which muscles prevent pelvis from dropping on unsupported side during swing?

Answer 44

Hip Abductors

Question 45

Which muscles stabilize body on pelvis?

Answer 45

Hip Adductors

Question 46

Which muscles contract at heel strike to keep hip from collapsing?

Answer 46

Hip Extensors

Question 47

Which muscles stabilize vertebral column (balances trunk)?

Answer 47

Erector Spinae