Gait Kinetics & Kinematics

Question 1

3 methods of gait measurement

Answer 1

1. kinetics: internal and external forces
2. kinematics: gait phases, ROM, muscle activity
3. spatial temporal: velocity, step length

Question 2

2-D gait analysis

Answer 2

• surface mat embedded with sensors
  -estimated COP/COM
  -spatial temporal and kinematics
• markers for 2D gait analysis
• one camera: add software (dartfish, kinovea), clinican (smartphone)

Question 3

Graphs

Answer 3

• graphs for joint ROM (kinematics)
• GRF (kinetics)
• power and moments (kinetics)
• each provide a different attribute for gait
• typically, the graphs are similar with the X axis showing gait percentage

Question 4

Zeno Mat with Protokinetics Software

Answer 4

• GAME Lab Gait 2-D analysis
• provides spatial-temporal output kinematics
• visual video of foot prints

Question 5

3-D Motion Capture

Answer 5

Taking 3-D body kinematics
* position, velocity, acceleration, & ROM

Kinetics
* GRF and indirectly joint moments & powers

Question 6

Kinetics

Answer 6

Kinetics refers to
1. GRF= external force
2. Moments= force to cause rotation around joint (external and internal moments)
3. Power= Force/time (in watts)
=concentric versus eccentric
3D gait analysis

Question 7

Gait moments

Answer 7

• during walking the body accepts greater (moments/forces) during stance phase. these increase with running, jumping, or landing activities.
• Internal moments are created by contraction of muscle, joint, ligaments (restraint) and fascia/joint capsule (elastic properties)
  Purpose: counteract forces from the ground
• external moments are created by the landing surface (GRF)
• each joint creates a moment (torque/force at a joint) to either: stabilize/control stance, or produce movement

Question 8

Internal moments through gait cycle

Answer 8

• Measured in percentage of Newtons/body weight
• negative values mean flexor moments. postive extension
• norms are the gray areas with black line as the client/patient
• can be a sum of all joints of individual joint internal moments

Question 9

Internal moments graph from 2D motion

Answer 9

1. Internal moments are to total amount of force created by muscle/joint, ligaments/joint, & capsules/fascia
2. extensor moments: support for body on surface (quads, gastroc/soleus)
3. flexor moments: pull away from the surface (iliopsoas and dorsiflexors)