Gallbladder Flashcards
(21 cards)
The liver can secrete how many liter/s of bile per day
1
Adult gallbladder can store how many liters of bile
50 mL
A folded fundus is the most common anomaly, creating a
Phrygian cap
may be isolated findings in the gallbladder or associated with other cysts in the extrahepatic biliary tree or with fibropolycystic disease.
Choledochal cysts
Causes 95% of biliary tract disease
Cholelithiasis (Gallstones)
Class of gallstones containing more than 50% of crystalline cholesterol monohydrate; predominant in Western countries
Cholesterol stone
composed predominantly of bilirubin calcium salts; predominant in non western countries
Pigment stones
arise exclusively in the gallbladder and range from 100% pure (which is rare) down to around 50% cholesterol
Chilesterol stones
These stones are pale yellow, round to ovoid, and have a finely granular, hard external surface
(Pure) cholesterol stones
These are bwon to black gallstones
Pigment gallstones
Black pigment stones are found in
Sterile gallbladder bile
Brown pigment gallstones are found in
Infected large bile ducts
fosters a local environment that is favorable for both cholesterol and pigment gallstone formation.
Gallbladder stasis
Genes encoding hepatocyte proteins that transport biliary lipids
ATP-Binding Cassette transporters (ABC)
gene associated with an increased risk of cholesterol gallstones.
ABCG8
precipitated in 90% of cases by obstruction of the neck of the gallbladder or the cystic duct by a stone.
Acute cholecystitis
the primary complication of gallstones and the most common reason for emergency cholecystectomy
Acute calculous cholecystitis
may also occur in severely ill patients and accounts for the remaining 10% of cases.
Acalculous cholecystitis
Agents that can give rise to acute acalculous cholecystitis.
S.typhi and staphylococci
may be a sequel to repeated bouts of mild to severe acute cholecystitis, but in many instances it develops in the apparent absence of antecedent attacks.
Chronic Cholecystitis
Microorganisms that are cultured in 1/3 of chronic cholecystitis cases
E.coli and eterococci
