Gametogenesis I

Question 1

Diakiesis Phase

Answer 1

• Crossing over complete

- Spindle apparatus in place

Question 2

Prophase II

Answer 2

• Chromosomes begin to condense again

- Spindle reforms

Question 3

Stages of Meiosis

Answer 3

PMAT I —> PMAT II

Question 4

T/F: Most mammals have an EMPTY yolk sac.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Morphogenesis

Answer 5

Generation of form

Or

Assumption of new shape

Question 6

Determination

Answer 6

Cells become RESTRICTED to a given developmental pathway

Question 7

Where are the FIRST Germ cells found?

Answer 7

In the ENDO-dermal layer of the Yolk sac

Question 8

The 4 phases of Gametogenesis

Answer 8

1. Germ cells Migrate to gonads
2. Increase in # of germ cells by MITOSIS
3. Reduction in Chromosomal # by MEIOSIS
4. Structural and Functional maturation of Eggs and Sperm

Question 9

Leptotene phase

Answer 9

• Chromosomes are threadlike

- They begin to COIL

Question 10

What is the End result of Meiosis?

Answer 10

4 genetically Unique HAPLOID Daughter cells

Question 11

What is a Teratoma?

Answer 11

• Growth from Misdirected migrating primordial germ cells.

- Contains mixtures of Highly differentiated tissues

Question 12

Metaphase I

Answer 12

• Tetrads line up

- Centromeres do NOT divide

Question 13

Pachytene Phase

Answer 13

• Max Coiling

- Tetrads (crossing over begins)

Question 14

Anaphase I

Answer 14

• Homologous chromosomes move to OPPOSITE side
  (Consist of 2 chromatids)
• Chromatids are NOT genetically identical
• Establishment of HAPLOID

Question 15

What is Embryology?

Answer 15

The study of the Embryo

Question 16

Integration

Answer 16

Different Tissues are brought together and combined to form organs an tissues

Question 17

Prophase I vs Prophase II

Answer 17

PI: 2n, 4c

PII: 1n, 2c

Question 18

Induction

Answer 18

The effect that one tissue (Inductor) has upon another (responder)

Question 19

Telophase I

Answer 19

• Nuclear membranes reform
• Spindle disassembles
• Chromosomes uncoil

Question 20

What are the 6 Component Processes

Answer 20

1. Determination
2. Differentiation
3. Growth
4. Morphogenesis
5. Induction
6. Integration

Question 21

Sub-parts of Prophase I

Answer 21

1. Leptotene
2. Zygotene
3. Pachytene
4. Diplotene
5. Diakinesis

Question 22

Zygotene phase

Answer 22

Homologous chromosomes PAIR

• complex forms

Question 23

3 sections of Human ontogeny

Answer 23

1. Prenatal
2. Postnatal
3. Adult

Question 24

Aneuploidy

1. Def
2. Examples

Answer 24

1. Abnormal # of Chromosomes

2. Monosomy and Trisomy

Question 25

T/F: Genes may be Activated or Inactivated throughout development

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Changes that can occur in part of the Chromosome

Answer 26

1. Translocations 2. Deletions 3. Inversions 4. Duplications

Question 27

What are Atretic Follicles?

Answer 27

Spontaneous Degenerated follicles

Question 28

Component Processes Mnemonic

Answer 28

DErrick DIssed GReg & MOlly INDUCed INTEractions

Question 29

Diplotene Phase

Answer 29

- Crossing over continues | - Chiasmata well defined

Question 30

When do the primordial germ cells first appear?

Answer 30

24 days AFTER Fertilization

Question 31

T/F: Intrinsic factors (genes) do NOT limit Extrinsic factor (envrnmt) fxns.

Answer 31

False Intrinsic factors DO limits Extrinsic factors.

Question 32

Prior to Ovulation the Secondary Oocytes are arrested at what phase?

Answer 32

Metaphase II

Question 33

Differentiation often results in what?

Answer 33

Luxury Molecules - Stuff that the cell itself does not need BUT the BODY as a whole needs.

Question 34

Telophase II

Answer 34

- Chromosomes uncoil | - Cytokinesis complete

Question 35

Migration Route of primordial germ cells

Answer 35

Start in the YOLK sac —> Hindgut Epithelium ——> Through Dorsal MESENTERY ———> End developing GONADS

Question 36

Hyperplasia vs Hypertrophy

Answer 36

1. Inc in Cell # | 2. Inc in Cell SIZE

Question 37

RESULTS of Meiosis

Answer 37

1. Inc in cell # (male) 2. Daughter cells are NOT genetically identical 3. Daughter cells are Haploid

Question 38

All development ultimately rests on ____?

Answer 38

Genes

Question 39

What is Meiosis

Answer 39

2 NON-Identical, consecutive cell division

Question 40

T/F: All Oogonia develop into Primary oocytes in the Early EMBRYO.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Metaphase II

Answer 41

Chromosomes line up on metaphase plate

Question 42

Major events in Meiosis

Answer 42

1. Pairing of the homologous chromosomes 2. CROSSING over 3. 2 cycles of Division, but ONE cycle of DNA Replication

Question 43

After birth, there are approx ____ Primary oocytes. Only ______ will survive to Puberty and only _____ eggs will actually be ovulated

Answer 43

1. 400K 2. 40K 3. 400

Question 44

What is Embryogeny?

Answer 44

The part of ONTOGENY from Conception ———> Birth/Hatching

Question 45

T/F: The Properties of the Embryo are diff from the adult.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

What kind of cells develop FSH and LH receptors

Answer 46

Granulosa Cells

Question 47

Anaphase II

Answer 47

- CENTROMERES divide | - Each chromosome consists of ONE Chromatid

Question 48

What is Ontogeny?

Answer 48

Includes ALL developmental processes from Conception ———> Death

Question 49

Differentiation

Answer 49

Complex Changes of structure and function

Question 50

Factors leading to the Meiotic arrest at the Diplotene stage

Answer 50

1. High [cAMP] 2. cGMP from follicular cells inactivate the PDEA 3A in oocyte - prevents conversion of cAMP to 5’AMP - maintains high [cAMP]