Gametogenisis, Fertilization, Physiology Flashcards

(68 cards)

1
Q

What is the diameter of a fully mature ovum?

A

130 microns

Cheetha mutta kondu angu vittalo

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2
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

Spermatogonium to mature spermatozoon 61/75days
Shastipoorthiyaya sperm

The process of sperm cell development

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3
Q

What surrounds the mature ovum?

A

Vitelline membrane

Cheetha mutta kondu angu vittalo

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4
Q

What is the outer transparent mucoprotein envelope of the ovum called?

A

Zona pellucida

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5
Q

How long does it take for a spermatogonium to develop into a mature spermatozoon?

A

61 days (or 75 days)

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6
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

In the ampullary part of the fallopian tube

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7
Q

What is the fertilizable life span of an oocyte?

A

12-24 hours

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8
Q

What is the fertilizable life span of sperm?

A

48-72 hours

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9
Q

At what stage does the embryo reach the 2-cell stage?

A

After 30 hours

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10
Q

What does the morula resemble?

A

Mulberry at 4th week enters uterine cavity

Kalam moori

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11
Q

When does the morula enter the uterine cavity?

A

4th day

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12
Q

What is the endometrium of the pregnant uterus called?

A

Decidua

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13
Q

When does implantation occur?

A

6th day, completed by 10-11th day

Arathu arathu keri

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14
Q

What are the four stages of implantation?

A
  • Apposition
  • Adhesion
  • Penetration
  • Invasion
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15
Q

What are the three layers of the decidua?

A
  • Superficial compact
  • Intermediate spongy
  • Basal layer
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16
Q

What is the fetal part of the placenta called?

A

Chorion frondosum

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17
Q

What is the diameter of the placenta at term?

A

15-20 cm

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18
Q

What is the volume of the placenta?

A

500 ml

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19
Q

What is the thickness of the placenta considered abnormal?

A

Above 45 mm normal 30 mm

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20
Q

What is the outer layer of fetal membranes?

A

Chorion

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21
Q

What is the inner layer of fetal membranes?

A

Amnion

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22
Q

What is the specific gravity of amniotic fluid?

A

1.010

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23
Q

What does meconium staining green indicate?

A

Fetal distress

Treess green

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24
Q

What is the normal length of the umbilical cord?

A

40 cm, with a variation of 30-100 cm

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25
What is the ovular or germinal period?
First 2 weeks after ovulation
26
When does the embryonic period begin and end?
Begins at 3rd week after ovulation, ends at 8 weeks of conception
27
When does the fetal period begin and end?
Begins at 8th week following ovulation, ends in delivery
28
What is Hasse's rule used for?
Calculation of length of baby in pregnancy
29
What is the crown heel measurement used for?
To measure growth during the first 5 months of pregnancy= squareing the number of lunar month in which the pregnancy belongs to
30
5th day
Blastocyst
31
Formation of placenta and completion
6th week ends by 12 th week
32
Placental separation occurs through
Spongy layer
33
Weight of placenta at term
500gm 1:6 proportional of wt of baby
34
Meconium staining golden
Rh in compactability
35
Ms greenish yellow
Post maturity Palil safforn mature aayal
36
Dark brown tobacco colour
Iud Tobacco causes death
37
Aminotic fluid is replaced every
3 he
38
50 ml A.f
12 weeks Douhridam pancha mangayodu kothi
39
400 ml Af
20 weeks 5th month Ford caril
40
1 litre af
36_38week 600-800 ml at term
41
Post maturity AF
200ml
42
What is the formula to estimate gestational age using CRL?
Age of fetus = CRL in cm + 65 weeks
43
At what day does the first heartbeat occur during fetal development?
21 th day
44
What key development occurs between 8 to 12 weeks post conception?
External genitalia develops
45
What is present at 20 weeks of fetal development?
Lanugo & vernix caseosa
46
At 28 weeks, where do the testes descend?
Into internal inguinal ring
47
At 36 weeks, where does one testicle move to?
Into scrotum and languo disappear
48
What is the significance of a Lecithin: sphingomyelin (L:S) ratio of 2:1?
Signifies full maturity of fetal lung
49
What does the umbilical artery undergo immediately after birth?
Functional closure
50
What is the time frame for the anatomical closure of the umbilical artery?
2-3 months
51
What structure becomes the ligamentum arteriosum after birth?
Ductus arteriosus
52
When does the foramen ovale undergo functional closure?
Soon after birth
53
What weight does the uterus reach at term?
900-1000 gm
54
What are the three distinct layers of the uterine muscle fibers?
* Outer longitudinal * Inner circular * Intermediate
55
What is the thickest and strongest layer of the uterine muscle?
Intermediate layer
56
What physiological change occurs to the uterus during pregnancy?
Lateral obliquity with dextrorotation
57
What type of contractions occur in pregnancy?
Braxton-Hick's contractions
58
What is the total weight gain during pregnancy?
11 kg
59
What is the estimated increase in plasma volume during pregnancy at term?
6.5 L
60
What is the normal albumin:globulin ratio during pregnancy near term?
1:1
61
What state does pregnancy create in terms of coagulation?
Hypercoagulable state
62
What is the total iron requirement during pregnancy?
1000 mg
63
What is the daily iron requirement during the second half of pregnancy?
6-7 mg
64
What is the daily calcium requirement during pregnancy and lactation?
1-1.5 gm
65
Fill in the blank: The disproportionate increase in plasma and RBC volume during pregnancy leads to _______.
Physiological anemia
66
40 weeks
Both in to scrotum
67
Proximal part of umbilical artery
Superior vesical artery
68
Distal part of umbilical artery
Lateral umbilical ligament