Gardens of Paradise

Question 1

where does paradise garden come from? what does it mean

Answer 1

persian word paradeisoi, means walled garden

Question 2

what age of persian paradise gardens? describe

Answer 2

564 BCE

• geometric division of space
• close relationship of buildings and gardens and the use of water
• water for visual and climatic comfort
• early form of irrigation and engineering techniques

Question 3

what is chahar bagh

Answer 3

• classic paradise garden divided into 4 parts by canals
• also known as quadriparties
• persian char = 4, bagh= gardens

Question 4

what was chahar bagh symbolism for

Answer 4

• 4 elements; earth water fir and air by ancient greeks

- Qur’an; garden of eternity with 4 rivers of water, milk, wine and honey

Question 5

describe paradise garden form

Answer 5

• still planes= reflective, contemplative

- gentle trickle/ burble= calming

Question 6

what were paradise gardens supposed to symbolize

Answer 6

• nature’s creative power and human inventiveness
• mirror heaven on earth
• large contrast with surrounding desert

Question 7

what were elements of paradise garden , purpose of these elements

Answer 7

• edge/ wall
• protection/ retreat
• water-scent-colour
• fruit
• shade
• seasonal colour
• meant to stimulate 5 senses

Question 8

quant def’n

Answer 8

• irrigation system

- network of underground tunnels to take water from aquifers/ higher mountain sources through use of gravity or pressure

Question 9

rill def’n

Answer 9

small thin watercourse

Question 10

chadar def’n

Answer 10

-sloping water screen, used for noise, dynamic

Question 11

paradise gardens examples

Answer 11

Shazdeh garden

Question 12

most famous chahar bagh ?

Answer 12

Taj Mahal

Question 13

what time period was rise of islam, how was it initiated?

Answer 13

• 610 BCE
• Muhammad prophet started muslim religion that spread through Arabian peninsula and middle east incl. Persia
• fall of roman empire –> started early middle ages

Question 14

what time period refers to the middle ages

Answer 14

• 6th to 15th century

Question 15

time period of early middle ages, what started it?

Answer 15

500-1000CE

-started with fall of roman empire

Question 16

what occured in population and society is Early middle ages?

Answer 16

• population decline in urban centers
• limited literary and cultural output
• landscape fell into ruin

Question 17

what cultures continued during middle ages

Answer 17

• great gardens China, Japan, Islamic Spain

- Moorish Spain

Question 18

ex of moorish garden

Answer 18

• Court of Oranges, Great Mosque, spain
• Alcazar , Seville
• A court of Myrtles , Court of Lions Alhambra, Granada
• Court of the Canal , Generalife, Granada

Question 19

what is a noria

Answer 19

-water wheel used for bringing water to town and irrigation

Question 20

what time period High Middle Ages?

Characteristics?

Answer 20

• 1000-1300CE
• rapidly increasing population europe
• last of Barbarian invasion = more politically organized
• technological advances- windmill, watermill

Question 21

describe architecture and religion of high middle ages

Answer 21

• catholic church
• gothic architecture - intro in cathedrals
• spiritual influence- focus on heavenly realm vs earthly realm

Question 22

timing of late middle ages

- what happened during that age

Answer 22

1300-1400CE

• prosperity/ growth of EU came to halt; series of famines and plagues
• renewed intrest in ancient greek and roman text due to cotact with Arabs during Crusades = transfer knowledge into Renaissance

Question 23

what happened at end of middle ages

Answer 23

• trade resumed, landscape grew less frightening

- build pleasure gardens –> Renaissance