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gen bio finals > gas ex > Flashcards

gas ex Flashcards

1
Q

6 factors influencing gas exchange

A

respiratory surface or organ
Respiratory system relies on the diffusion of gases down pressure gradient.
Surface-to-volume ratio
Ventilation
Perfusion
Respiratory Pigments or Proteins

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2
Q

part of an animal’s body where gases are exchanged with the environment.

A

respiratory surface or organ

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3
Q

allow the gas exchange, it must be moist, large enough, and protected from dedication.

A

respiratory surface or organ

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4
Q

Partial pressures for gas in the atmosphere can be computed.

A

Respiratory system relies on the diffusion of gases down pressure gradient.

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5
Q

partial pressure of oxygen in alveolar air is about

A

104 mm Hg

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6
Q

partial pressure of oxygenated pulmonary venous blood is about

A

100 mm Hg

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7
Q

states that the amount of diffusion of a gas across a membrane is proportional to the surface area and the difference in partial pressure between two sides and inversely proportional to the thickness of the membrane.

A

Frick’s Law

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8
Q

s, the surface area increases at a lesser rate than its volume, making diffusion of gases into the interior more difficult.

A

Surface-to-volume ratio

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9
Q

a body design that keeps the internal cells close to the surface

A

Surface-to-volume ratio

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10
Q

refers to the movement of the respiratory medium (air or water) over the respiratory surface.

A

Ventilation

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11
Q

refers to the flow of blood to alveolar capillaries.

A

Perfusion

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12
Q

volumes involved in ventilation and perfusion should be compatible.

A

Perfusion

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13
Q

Adaptations of animals for gas exchange include respiratory pigments that bind and transport gases.

A

Respiratory Pigments or Proteins

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14
Q

3 the respiratory surfaces or organs in invertebrates

A

Integumentary exchange
External gills-
Tracheal system in arthropods

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15
Q

3 the respiratory surfaces or organs in vertebrates

A

External gills-
Internal gills-
Lungs-

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16
Q

nternal respiratory surfaces shaped as a cavity or sac

A

Lungs

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17
Q

provided a membrane for gaseous exchange.

A

Lungs

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18
Q

rows of slits or pockets in adults fishes positioned at the back of the mouth such that water that enters the mouth can flow over them as it exits just behind the head.

A

Internal gills

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19
Q

thin, vascular projections from the body surface of a few amphibians.

A

External gills

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20
Q
  • refers to the general body surface or skin used by animals with high surface-to-volume ratio;
A

Integumentary exchange-

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21
Q

used by invertebrates that live in aquatic habitats;

A

External gills

22
Q

gills are highly folded, thin-walled, vascualarized epidermis that project outward from the body

A

External gills-

23
Q

utilizes fine air-conditioning tubules to provide gaseous exchange at the cellular level. It is not dependent on a circulatory system;

A

Tracheal system in arthropods

24
Q

Water flows over the gills and blood circulates through them in opposite direction. This mechanism, called

A

countercurrent flow

25
Q

is much more efficient than co-current exchange.

A

Countercurrent

26
Q

controls oxygen and carbon dioxide levels for the entire body by regulating the rate and depth of breathing.

A

nervous system

27
Q

the muscles around bronchioles contract more than usual, increasing resistance to airflow.

A

asthma

28
Q

abnormal condition of the lungs marked by decreased respiratory function. It is associated with smoking or chronic bronchitis or old age.

A

Emphysema

29
Q

is an infectious disease involving inflammation and fluid buildup in the lungs.

A

Pneumonia

30
Q

conduct substances such as products of photosynthesis, water, and other compounds.

A

Phloem cells

31
Q

can be explained by both “push” from below and “pull” from above.

A

xylem

32
Q

describes the movement of substances in the phloem from source cells to sink cells.

A

Pressure flow or bulk flow

33
Q

do not have a circulatory system.

A

sponges, cnidarians, and flatworms,

34
Q

rely on water flow through their bodies for obtaining food, oxygen, and removing waste.

A

Sponges

35
Q

have direct contact of cells with water for oxygen, nutrient, and waste exchange.

A

Cnidarians

36
Q

being small and flat, can diffuse oxygen through their skin and do not require a circulatory system.

A

Flatworms,

37
Q

Vertebrates, including humans, have a circulatory system.

A

closed circulatory system.

38
Q

collect blood from veins

A

Atria

39
Q

pump blood into arteries.

A

ventricles

40
Q

prevent backflow of blood between chambers.

A

Valves

41
Q

a connective tissue consisting of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

A

Blood

42
Q

Blood vessels include;

A

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.

43
Q

carry oxygenated blood except for the pulmonary artery,

A

Arteries

44
Q

carries deoxygenated blood.

A

pulmonary artery

45
Q

return deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

A

Veins

46
Q

systems use hemolymph and have a central body cavity (hemocoel) for nutrient and gas exchange.

A

Open circulatory

47
Q

have blood enclosed within vessels and are more efficient.
- Pulmonary circulation moves blood to and from the lungs for oxygenation.

A

Closed circulatory system

48
Q

moves blood to and from the lungs for oxygenation.

A

Pulmonary circulation

49
Q

provides oxygen and nutrients to body tissues and removes waste products.

A

Systemic circulation

50
Q

supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.

A

Coronary circulation

gen bio finals (3 decks)

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