gas exachange Flashcards
(21 cards)
alveolus - layers
have thin layers and so do the blood capilleries they’re next to, which creates a short diffusion pathway which increases the rate at which carbos dioxide and oxygen can diffuse across
alveous - more info
large surface area, moist - increases the rate of diffusion
by what does gas exchange happen
diffusion
All gas exchange surfaces have features in common
These features allow the maximum amount of gases to be exchanged across the surface in the smallest amount of time
They include:
Large surface area to allow faster diffusion of gases across the surface
Thin walls to ensure diffusion distances remain short
Good ventilation with air so that diffusion gradients can be maintained
Good blood supply to maintain a high concentration gradient so diffusion occurs faster
ribs function
bone structure that protects internal organs such as lungs
intercostal muscle function
muscles between the ribs which control their movement causing inhalation and exahalation
diaphrahm function
sheet of connective tissue and muscle at the bottom of the throrax that helps to allow inhalation and exilation
trachea function
windpipe that connects the mouth and nose to the lungs
larynx , voice box function
when air passes across here we are able to make sounds
bronchi function
large tubes branching of the traches which one bronchis for each lung
bronchioles function
bronchi split to form smaller tubes called bronchiloles in the lungs connected to alveoli
alveoli function
tiny air sacs where gas excange takes place!!!
alvoli are adapted for gas excange because
of their largesurface area, the distances the gases have to diffuse are veryyy small, air is always fresh in the alveoli
layer of cells - on the inner surface of…
on the inner surface of th etrachea and the bronchi there are goblet cells-which secrete mucus,
ciliates cells which are covered with microscopic hairs called cillia
The mucus is produced by goblet cells and traps bacteria, dust, particles
The cilia beat
And push the mucus away from the lungs towards the throat
inhalation
external intercostal muscles contract, ribcage moves up and out, diaphragm contracts and flattens, pressure inside thorax decreases, air is drawn in
exahalation
external intercostal muscles relax, robcage moves down and in, diaphragm moves down and in, diaphragm relaxes and becomes dome-shaped, volume of thorax decreases, preassure inside thorax increases, air is forced out
composition of air
nitrogen stays the same, oxygen is used up in respiration so its less when its expired, co2 produced in respiration so it’s more
to test co2 you use…
limewater bitch
aerobic respiration
glucose+oxygen = water+co2+energy
anaerobic resperation
glucose = lactic acid +energy
why does the rate and depth of breathing increase when exercises
- during exercise, cells respire more rapidly
- carbon dioxide levels increase and it is detected by the brain
signals for the increase in breathing rate and depth to allow carbon dioxide to be excreted quicker. It also of course allows oxygen to get to respiring cells faster as well.
