Gas Exchange Flashcards
(14 cards)
Define the process of Breathing
The mechanism of moving gas in and out of your lungs
Name the components of the lungs
Trachea, bronchus, bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm, intercostal muscle, robs, larynx
Where does gas exchange happen?
In the alveoli
What is the purpose of mucus and cilia in airways like the trachea?
Mucus traps dirt or bacteria that a breathed in. Cilia sweeps the mucus up the trachea to be coughed out. This is to prevent them from entering the lungs, where they might cause infection.
What is the process of ventilation?
The movement of air in and out of the lungs through changing the pressure inside the lungs. Air forms for high pressure —> low pressure
When you breath in, what do the muscles in your lung do?
The outer intercostal muscles muscles contract pulling ribs up and out
Diaphragm contracts flatting its shape.
Increasing volume and decreasing pressure
When you breath out, what do the muscles in your lung do?
The outer intercostal muscles muscles relax and internal intercostal muscles contract, pulling ribs down and it
Diaphragm relaxes and goes back to dome shape
Decreasing volume and increasing pressure
How are the alveoli adapted for gas exchange?
Large surface area, enormous numbers of them, good blood supply,
two cell thick defusing distance - alvioli itself only has one cell thick walls
What kind of blood is supplied to alveoli?
Deoxygenated blood
How is gas exchange in the alveoli carried out? Describe the process.
Through the process of diffusion. Air in alveolus has a higher concentration of oxygen defuses into blood in capillary. At the same type blood has a higher concentration of carbon dioxide then air in alveolus. CO2 defuses in the other diffraction and is exhaled.
Name three lung deseases cause by smoking.
Bronchitis
Emphysema
Lung Cancer
How does smoking cause bronchitis?
Cilia in trachea and bronchi is destroyed by chemicals in cigarette smoke. Mucus is not swept out and blocks airways. Leads to the development of bronchitis, blocking normal air flow, causing difficulties breathing properly.
How does smoking cause emphysema?
Smoking damages walls of alveoli, reducing its surface area. Leads to less efficient gas exchange meaning the patients are unable to do even mild exercise.
How does smoking cause lung cancer?
Carcinogens in smoke collect in smoker lungs which are knows to cause cancer. Over 60 chemicals in cigarette smoke are categorized as carcinogens.
