Gas Exchange and the Cardiac Cycle

Question 1

Where does Gas Exchange occur in the body?

Answer 1

Lungs

Question 2

Give the pathway of air from mouth to lungs?

Answer 2

Mouth/Nose
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lungs
Alveoli

Question 3

How does CO2 exit the body?

Answer 3

Gaseous Exchange

Question 4

How does O2 enter the body?

Answer 4

Gas Exchange

Question 5

Give the adaptations of the alveoli? (4)

Answer 5

Large Surface Area
Moist walls
Close to blood capillary
Short diffusion distance

Question 6

What 2 blood vessels does blood transport around the body in?

Answer 6

Arteries
Veins

Question 7

Which blood vessel takes deoxygenated blood and oxygenated blood?

Answer 7

Artery - Oxygenated
Vein - Deoxygenated

Question 8

Give the adaptations of the arteries?

Answer 8

Thick muscle wall
Small lumen = high pressure

Question 9

Give the adaptations of the veins?

Answer 9

Thin muscle wall
Larger lumen = low pressure
Has valves preventing back flow

Question 10

Give the adaptations of capillaries?

Answer 10

Single layer of cells allows a short diffusion distance

Question 11

Do arteries carry blood away or towards the heart and in what vessel?

Answer 11

Carry Oxygenated blood away from the heart in pulmonary vein

Question 12

Do veins carry blood away or towards the heart and in what vessel?

Answer 12

Carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart in pulmonary artery

Question 13

Define Vasodilation?

Answer 13

Means the blood vessels become wider allowing more blood to be delivered to active areas

Question 14

Define Vasoconstriction?

Answer 14

Means blood vessels become narrower restricting how much blood is delivered to inactive areas

Question 15

Name all the parts of the heart? (10 parts)

Answer 15

• Pulmonary Artery
• Vena Carva
• Right Atrium
• Right Ventricle
• Semi-lunar valve
• Septum
• Pulmonary vein
• Left atrium
• Left Ventricle
• Aorta

Question 16

What is the job of the atria?

Answer 16

To receive blood

Question 17

What is the job of the ventricles?

Answer 17

To eject blood to muscles or heart

Question 18

What do the pulmonary vein/artery, lungs and left and right atria all have in common?

Answer 18

They are in the Pulmonary Circuit

Question 19

What do the right and left ventricle, aorta, body and vena carva all have in common?

Answer 19

There are in the Systemic Circuit

Question 20

What does Diastole mean?

Answer 20

heart ventricles are relaxed allowing heart to fill with blood

Question 21

What does Systole mean?

Answer 21

ventricles contract pumping blood to arteries

Question 22

What are common features of diastole in the heart?

Answer 22

• Low Pressure
• Atria + ventricles relaxed
• Valves open
• Blood can pass through ventricles

Question 23

What are common features of systole in the heart?

Answer 23

• High pressure
• Ventricles contract
• Right ventricle force blood along P artery
• Left ventricle force blood along aorta to body

Question 24

Give the equation for Cardiac Output?

Answer 24

Q = HR x SV
Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Vol

Question 25

What is Cardiac output?

Answer 25

Volume of blood that the heart pumps out per minute

Question 26

What is HR?

Answer 26

Beats per minute

Question 27

What is Stroke volume?

Answer 27

Volume of blood leaving the heart in 1 contraction

Question 28

What is Anticipatory rise?

Answer 28

When adrenaline is released due to anticipation of exercise, increases HR

Question 29

What happens during inspiration? (3)

Answer 29

Intercoastal muscles contract Chest cavity increases Diaphragm moves downwards

Question 30

What happens during expiration? (3)

Answer 30

Muscles relax Diaphragm relaxes moving up Chest cavity volume decreases

Question 31

What 3 muscles help breathing which aren't in the ribcage?

Answer 31

Pectorals Abdominals Sternocleidomastoid

Question 32

Define Tidal Volume?

Answer 32

Volume of air breathed in and out during normal breathing rate

Question 33

Define Expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 33

Additional air forcibly exhaled after normal expiration of normal tidal volume

Question 34

Define Inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 34

Additional air inhaled after inspiration of normal tidal volume

Question 35

Define Residual Volume?

Answer 35

Vol of air remaining in lungs after maximum expiration

Question 36

What is EPOC?

Answer 36

The amount of oxygen consumed during recovery un excess which would have ordinarily been consumed at rest.

Question 37

What is Oxygen Debt?

Answer 37

Caused by too much lactic acid in anaerobic exercise

Question 38

What is the Oxygen Deficit?

Answer 38

Time delay as body realises there needs to be a supply of O2.

Question 39

What does EPOC stand for?

Answer 39

Excess Post exercise Oxygen Consumption